“…In the post-1945 context, collective repertoires involving education and training interventions in western capitalist societies were reshaped by social reconstruction and industrial restructuring in emergent welfare states. Following a brief period of ideological 'reeducation' imposed by the allies on the German population (Vincent 2011;Friedenthal-Haase 1988;Phillips 2018), on the one hand, there were clear signs of 'restorative' policy repertoires signalling a return to further development and expansion of well-established forms of institutionalised 'adult education' including municipal and residential folk high schools, university-based extra-mural extension, and 'liberal adult education'. On the other hand, collective reorganisation of vocational and training in the service of capitalist economies was combined with redistributive social and educational policies in emergent post-war welfare states.…”