Demographic Analysis, a Comparison of the Jackknife and Bootstrap Methods, and Predation Projection: A Case Study of <I>Chrysopa pallens</I> (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Abstract

The life table of the green lacewing, Chrysopa pallens (Rambur), was studied at 22 degrees C, a photoperiod of 15:9 (L:D) h, and 80% relative humidity in the laboratory. The raw data were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (lambda), the net reproduction rate (R0), and the mean generation time (T) of Ch. pallens were 0.1258 d(-1), 1.1340 d(-1), 241.4 offspring and 43.6 d, respectively. For the estimation of the means, variances, and SEs of the population parameters, we compared the jackknife and bootstrap techniques. Although similar values of the means and SEs were obtained with both techniques, significant differences were observed in the frequency distribution and variances of all parameters. The jackknife technique will result in a zero net reproductive rate upon the omission of a male, an immature death, or a nonreproductive female. This result represents, however, a contradiction because an intrinsic rate of increase exists in this situation. Therefore, we suggest that the jackknife technique should not be used for the estimation of population parameters. In predator-prey interactions, the nonpredatory egg and pupal stages of the predator are time refuges for the prey, and the pest population can grow during these times. In this study, a population projection based on the age-stage, two-sex life table is used to determine the optimal interval between releases to fill the predation gaps and maintain the predatory capacity of the control agent.

Demographic Analysis of the Fitness of <I>Problepsis superans</I> (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Feeding on Three Ligustrum (Lamiales: Oleaceae) Species

“…5 and 6). When the jackknife technique was applied to calculate the SE of the net reproductive rate, biologically meaningless zeros would be generated, whereas the bootstrap technique did not lead to this problem (Huang and Chi 2012, Jha et al 2012, Yu et al 2013. We can see this in the study (Fig.…”

“…This life table theory takes the stage differentiation and male population into consideration. The age-stage, twosex life table theory has been applied to insect and mite species by a number of researchers (Abou Zied et al 2003, Gabre et al 2005, Kavousi et al 2009, Hu et al 2010, Farhadi et al 2011, Jin et al 2012, Ravuiwasa et al 2012, Azimi et al 2013, Yu et al 2013, Zare et al 2013.…”

Developmental biology and prey preference of Diomus notescens Blackburn (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): A predator of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

“…Age-specific survival (l x ), fertility (m x ), net reproductive rate (R 0 ), mean generation time (T) were calculated and used to estimate the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m ) using the iterative bisection method from the Euler-Lotka formula (Birch, 1948). The Jackknife technique (Sokal and Rohlf, 1995) was used to estimate the mean and SE of r m (Yu et al, 2013).…”

Modeling Age-specific Cancer Incidences Using Logistic Growth Equations: Implications for Data Collection

“…Second, parameters presented in this paper were all average estimates derived from pooled cancer counts reported by 72 CNCR sites in 2009. Age-specific incidence and mortality bands with means and 95% confidence intervals rather than single mean estimates may be produced by building similar set of logistic growth equations using the data from each CNCR sites (72 sets in total) and then performing bootstrap re-sampling and jackknife-correction (Dexter et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2013). Third, this paper focuses primarily on implications for data collection without any attention being paid to identifying trends and components with the cancer rates.…”