Demographic and labor market transformations in rural areas of Chile

Garcés, Carlos Rodrigues; Yissi, Julia Fawaz; Soto, Johana Muñoz

doi:10.15446/acag.v66n2.54918

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[32] -оцінюють ступінь впливу різноманітних чинників на зайнятість у сільському господарстві України. Вивченню впливу проблем поширення пандемії COVID-19 на сільські ринки праці та зайнятість сільського населення значну увагу приділяють також іноземні дослідники [33][34][35].…”

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Impact of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions on labor market and rural employment

Mohylnyi¹,

Patyka²,

Hryschenko³

2021

Ekonomika APK

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The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of restrictive quarantine measures in 2020-2021 related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rural labor market, the level of employment and the extent of rural poverty. Research methods. The basis for the study were general scientific and economic methods, creative heritage of the classical political economy founders, publications of Ukrainian scientists on the impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, on social and labor relations in rural areas, regulations, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the State Employment Service, Internet resources and other sources. The monographic approach was used in the analysis of the employment rate dynamics of the rural population, changes in the labor market and the scale of poverty caused by the lockdowns introduction in 2020-2021. Normative and positive approaches are used to highlight the labor potential of rural areas and opportunities for its implementation in a pandemic. A number of abstract-logical techniques allowed formulating intermediate and final conclusions and proposals. Research results. The phenomenon of the category "labor" as a process of conscious and purposeful activity on the transformation of natural and economic factors of production in order to meet human needs is considered. The institutional preconditions of spatial differences in the concentration of jobs in rural and urban areas and the deepening of inequality in their development are highlighted. Changes caused by a number of restrictions on economic activity in order to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine are analyzed, in the field of the rural population employment by age groups, employment status, unemployment among working-age people, the number of employees who received unemployment status, as well as the workload per vacancy registered with the State Employment Service, the dynamics of its provision of services to rural residents. Public opinion that in the employment and rural labor market due to non-compliance with quarantine restrictions on economic activity, technological features of agricultural production and lower density, the rural population suffers less from quarantine measures is refuted. As a result of the introduction of two all-Ukrainian lockdowns in 2020–2021, the number of employed rural population decreased by 361 thousand people, or by 7%, of them employed - by 198 thousand and self-employed - by 153 thousand. The unemployment rate for this period also increased by 1.7 percentage points, or 11.5%. In April-May 2021, almost 120,000 workers received the status of unemployed dismissed from agricultural, forestry and fisheries enterprises, or one in five of the total in the economy. In addition, the number of applicants for one vacancy in rural areas has doubled, while reducing the financial capacity of the State Employment Service, especially with regard to the implementation of active forms of employment recovery. An integral consequence of quarantine restrictions was the spread of poverty among the rural population and the further social exclusion of people with unprotected self-employment. Scientific novelty. Methodological approaches to assessing the negative impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural employment, the rural labor market and the well-being of rural households have been further developed. Practical significance. The results of the impact of quarantine restrictions on employment and the rural labor market in 2020-2021 may be taken into account when developing measures to support micro and small businesses and self-employed agricultural workers in extreme conditions of society, such as a pandemic. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 35.

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Impact of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions on labor market and rural employment

Mohylnyi¹,

Patyka²,

Hryschenko³

2021

Ekonomika APK

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“…Зокрема, досліджуються загальні питання зайнятості сільського населення в країнах світу, її динаміка, особливості, вивчається вплив різних чинників на сільський ринок праці, аналізуються питання трансформації ринків праці в сільській місцевості у сучасних умовах, розглядаються можливості працевлаштування в сільській місцевості, визначаються передумови міграції сільського населення до міст і наслідки цих процесів для економіки регіонів і країни в цілому та ін. [17][18][19][20][21].…”

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The status and ways of providing the rural population employment in Ukraine

Patyka¹,

Nartiuk²

2020

Ekonomika APK

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The purpose of the article is to analyse the status, highlight the basic factors of influence and determine the main ways to provide employment of the rural population in Ukraine. Research methods. In order to assess the status and trends in the employment of the rural population, economic and statistical methods (comparative analysis, average and relative values, trend analysis, graphical method, index analysis, etc.) were used in analytical studies. To determine the factors influencing the rural population employment, a system analysis was used. With the assistance of the abstract-logical method and the method of generalization, the ways of realization of the state policy for the support and development of the agrarian sphere in order to provide the rural population employment were outlined. Research results. It has been established that the dynamics of the level of the rural population employment in Ukraine has a cyclical nature – at the stage of economic growth, it rises, followed by a period of decline (at the stage of economic downturn). It has been substantiated that the characteristic features of rural employment are: a reduction in the rural population, including the economically active, deformation of its age structure, misbalancing of the conjuncture of the rural labour market, lack of developed social infrastructure, reduction of the sphere of agricultural works, changes in the structure of agricultural production, low wages, etc. The factors of influence on the rural population employment in Ukraine are systematized by groups: individual, socio-demographic, economic, political and institutional. The main ways to provide employment of the rural population in Ukraine are identified. Scientific novelty. The scientific and methodological approaches to the study of the rural population employment in terms of determining the influence factors and organizational and economic basis for providing of the rural population employment in Ukraine were further developed. Namely, the priority directions of state policy have been identified, which are aimed at providing employment of the rural population through the adoption of legal, institutional, sectoral, economic, investment and innovation, business and other measures. Practical significance. The main thesis and conclusions set out in the article have been brought to the level of practical recommendations, the implementation of which will improve the process of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of the rural population employment in Ukraine, will optimize approaches to the development of programs to provide of the rural population employment.

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Exploring rural futures through spatial‐temporal migration balance changes in a North‐Caucasian rural basin

Burgos,

Morozova,

Ivolga

et al. 2024

Population Space and Place

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A better understanding of spatial‐temporal demographic changes in rural regions can contribute to envision potential rural futures and improve regional planning. This research aimed to analyse the migration balance and its spatial‐temporal changes in a rural basin in the Russian Federation's North Caucasus District. The basin was divided into water functional zones to examine the environmental conditions and relate them to possible future anthropogenic pressures and threats to population well‐being. Two migration balance indicators (on total population and working‐age sector) were calculated in settlements to classify them as attractors, expellers or stable population entities in two census data (2014 and 2020). The spatial‐temporal changes were assessed by testing two hypotheses: one related to population concentration and rural depopulation trends; the other focused on working‐age migration and workforce availability. Moreover, a foresight tool employed migration balance indicators in 2020 to explore population trends and possible trajectories. Findings revealed that in this rural basin, a small number of settlements served as attractors in the upper functional zone where two urban centres are found, potentially intensifying soil erosion and pollution. In the middle and lower functional zones, most rural and small urban settlements showed unfavored migration balances, leading to population and workforce decline. Negative environmental factors like declining water quality and increased wind erosion could worsen this trend. The migration challenges by functional zones highlight the growing regional disparities. The combination of spatial demography with the basin approach provided improved information to foster collaboration in a shared basin and effectively address undesirable rural outcomes at regional level.

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Demographic and labor market transformations in rural areas of Chile

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Impact of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions on labor market and rural employment

Impact of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions on labor market and rural employment

The status and ways of providing the rural population employment in Ukraine

Exploring rural futures through spatial‐temporal migration balance changes in a North‐Caucasian rural basin

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