Demokrasi Berdasarkan Konstitusi: Mungkinkah Terjelma di dalam Realita?

Abstract

Tahun 1993 ini, Republik Indonesia akan mendekati usia "setengah abad", tepatnya 48 tahun. Prasyarat bagi suatu negara "modern", secara garis besar, dapat dilihat dari penerapan konsep negara hukum, yang didalamnya tereakup konsep demokrasi. Pemahaman arti demokrasi dan negara hukum itu sendiri tentunya diwarnai berbagai pendapat dan pemikiran, khususnya bila hal itu dihubungkan dengan konstitusi negara kita. Sementara itu, bila kita merujuk pada pendapat A. V. Dicey, paham "Rule of Law· yang dikemukakannya sebenarnya tidak sama dengan yang dianut dalam UUD 1945.

The Institutional Studies of Ethical and Disciplinary Judiciary in the Medical Practice in Indonesia

“…The responsibilities of doctors and dentists, especially concerning patient safety and well-being, can be evaluated not only through the lens of law but also through medical culture, viewed from a moral and ethical standpoint. [13] The legal interests in medical practice that need to be balanced include the government's efforts to ensure that the public receives quality and accountable healthcare services, as well as the need to protect and guarantee legal certainty for doctors. [13] Some fundamental ethical principles and values must consistently guide the medical profession, including that all actions of doctors should be based on the divine nature, purity of heart, integrity of character, humility, dedication to work, and scientific and social integrity.…”

“…[13] The legal interests in medical practice that need to be balanced include the government's efforts to ensure that the public receives quality and accountable healthcare services, as well as the need to protect and guarantee legal certainty for doctors. [13] Some fundamental ethical principles and values must consistently guide the medical profession, including that all actions of doctors should be based on the divine nature, purity of heart, integrity of character, humility, dedication to work, and scientific and social integrity. Some ethical principles that doctors and dentists must firmly adhere to in providing healthcare services to patients include: [14] a f. Commitment to medical service actions, fostering a sense of mutual trust between doctors and patients (fidelity principle).…”