Demonstration of a 4 × 4-port universal linear circuit

Ribeiro, A. B. Lobo; Ruocco, Alfonso; Vanacker, Laurent; Bogaerts, Wim

doi:10.1364/optica.3.001348

Cited by 177 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The concept of self‐correcting subcircuits can be extended to self‐configuring or programmable photonic circuits. for example, photonic networks consisting of connected tunable 2 × 2 couplers and phase shifters can be configured to perform any linear operation between a set of input and output waveguides, or implement a variety of wavelength filtering functions …”

Section: Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for example, photonic networks consisting of connected tunable 2 × 2 couplers and phase shifters can be configured to perform any linear operation between a set of input and output waveguides, or implement a variety of wavelength filtering functions. [40,41,213,215] Such programmable photonic circuits, which actually consist of photonics, electronics and software, introduce an entirely new design paradigm for photonics. Rather than custom-designed photonic chips, generic circuits can be configured to perform a specific optical function.…”

Section: (Self-)correcting Circuits and Programmable Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicon Photonics Circuit Design: Methods, Tools and Challenges

Bogaerts

Chrostowski

2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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437

230

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Silicon Photonics technology is rapidly maturing as a platform for larger‐scale photonic circuits. As a result, the associated design methodologies are also evolving from component‐oriented design to a more circuit‐oriented design flow, that makes abstraction from the very detailed geometry and enables design on a larger scale. In this paper, the state of this emerging photonic circuit design flow and its synergies with electronic design automation (EDA) are reviewed. The design flow from schematic capture, circuit simulation, layout and verification is covered. The similarities and the differences between photonic and electronic design, and the challenges and opportunities that present themselves in the new photonic design landscape, such as variability analysis, photonic‐electronic co‐simulation and compact model definition are discussed.

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Section: Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Self-)correcting Circuits and Programmable Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Photonics Circuit Design: Methods, Tools and Challenges

Bogaerts

Chrostowski

2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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437

230

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“…Several experimental demonstrations of the triangular arrangement have been reported very recently, but there is still, to our knowledge, no experimental results reported for the rectangular arrangement. One possibility for its compact implementation is to employ a hardware architecture that follows the design principles similar to those of the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) in electronics .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The planar waveguide arrangement lends itself to easy chip integration in a silicon photonics platform, where the reconfigurable beam splitters can be implemented by means of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), [11] while self-configuration, programming and error monitoring can be implemented using auxiliary transparent detectors [2] and/or CMOS compatible contactless integrated photonic probes (CLIPPs). [13] Several experimental demonstrations of the triangular arrangement have been reported very recently, [8,14] but there is still, to our knowledge, no experimental results reported for the rectangular arrangement. One possibility for its compact implementation is to employ a hardware architecture that follows the design principles similar to those of the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) in electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Photonics Rectangular Universal Interferometer

Pérez

Gasulla

Fraile

et al. 2017

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Universal multiport photonic interferometers that can implement any arbitrary unitary transformation between input and output optical modes are essential to support advanced optical functions. Integrated versions of these components can be implemented by means of either a fixed triangular or a fixed rectangular arrangement of the same components. We propose the implementation of a fixed rectangular universal interferometer using a reconfigurable hexagonal waveguide mesh circuit. A suitable adaptation synthesis algorithm tailored to this mesh configuration is provided and the experimental demonstration of a rectangular multiport interferometer by means of a fabricated silicon photonics chip is reported. The 7‐hexagonal cell chip can implement 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 arbitrary unitary transformations. The proposed hexagonal waveguide mesh operates in a similar way as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in electronics. We believe that this work represents an important step‐forward towards fully programmable and integrable multiport interferometers.

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“…Also, a linear combination of reconfigurable photonic switches can be employed and then locally programmed to obtain a specific functionality. [1,2,64,65] One can assume, a generic a-Si:H-based PIC template packaged after post-fabrication process with local heating elements and LED arrays assembled on PIC. The postfabrication process includes a few cycles of light soaking and annealing to reach the reversible light-soaked state.…”

Section: Freestanding Thin-film Membrane For Strain Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastable Refractive Index Manipulation in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon for Reconfigurable Photonics

Mohammed

Melskens

Pagliano

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) is known for exhibiting light‐induced metastable properties that are reversible upon annealing. While these are commonly associated with the well‐known deleterious Staebler–Wronski effect in the field of thin‐film silicon solar cells, the associated changes in optical properties have not been well studied. Emerging reconfigurable photonic devices and applications can benefit from metastable optical properties where two states of the material are reversibly accessible without the need for continuous stimulation. The study demonstrates a light‐induced 0.3% increase of the metastable refractive index of a‐Si:H that is reversed upon annealing over several cycles using a highly sensitive Fabry–Pérot interferometric technique. Utilizing this technique, a metastable optical switch based on a micro‐ring resonator is demonstrated with reversible distinct switching states separated by 0.3 nm between the light‐soaked and annealed states, a switching extinction exceeding 20 dB and an unchanged Q‐factor, suggesting no excess discernible optical loss. Furthermore, metastable strain changes in a‐Si:H‐based freestanding membrane structures are linked to the observed metastable optical properties and present a possible route to stable photonic devices. Our proof‐of‐concept demonstration showcases a‐Si:H‐based reconfigurable photonics that support multiple purpose photonic integrated circuits, reconfigurable metamaterials, and advanced optomechanical devices.

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Demonstration of a 4 × 4-port universal linear circuit

Cited by 177 publications

References 17 publications

Silicon Photonics Circuit Design: Methods, Tools and Challenges

Silicon Photonics Circuit Design: Methods, Tools and Challenges

Silicon Photonics Rectangular Universal Interferometer

Metastable Refractive Index Manipulation in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon for Reconfigurable Photonics

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