Demonstration of mRNA editing and localization of guide RNA genes in kinetoplast–mitochondria of the plant trypanosomatid Phytomonas serpens1Note: Nucleotide sequences from P. serpens 1G reported in this work were deposited in GenBank™ database with the following accession numbers: AF034624 (Sau3AI-cut minicircle), AF034625 (HindIII-cut minicircle), AF034626 (fully edited sequence of RPS12 mRNA), AF034627 (genomic sequence of RPS12 cryptogene).1

Maslov, Dmitri; Hollar, Laura; Haghighat, Peyman; Nawathean, Pipat

doi:10.1016/s0166-6851(98)00028-0

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In HART1 the minicircles range in length from 1,626 to 1,652 bp and contain one conserved region, as does P. serpens [59]. The EM1 minicircles are longer (2,791 to 2,819 bp), and carry two conserved sequences opposite each other.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants

et al. 2014

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Members of the family Trypanosomatidae infect many organisms, including animals, plants and humans. Plant-infecting trypanosomes are grouped under the single genus Phytomonas, failing to reflect the wide biological and pathological diversity of these protists. While some Phytomonas spp. multiply in the latex of plants, or in fruit or seeds without apparent pathogenicity, others colonize the phloem sap and afflict plants of substantial economic value, including the coffee tree, coconut and oil palms. Plant trypanosomes have not been studied extensively at the genome level, a major gap in understanding and controlling pathogenesis. We describe the genome sequences of two plant trypanosomatids, one pathogenic isolate from a Guianan coconut and one non-symptomatic isolate from Euphorbia collected in France. Although these parasites have extremely distinct pathogenic impacts, very few genes are unique to either, with the vast majority of genes shared by both isolates. Significantly, both Phytomonas spp. genomes consist essentially of single copy genes for the bulk of their metabolic enzymes, whereas other trypanosomatids e.g. Leishmania and Trypanosoma possess multiple paralogous genes or families. Indeed, comparison with other trypanosomatid genomes revealed a highly streamlined genome, encoding for a minimized metabolic system while conserving the major pathways, and with retention of a full complement of endomembrane organelles, but with no evidence for functional complexity. Identification of the metabolic genes of Phytomonas provides opportunities for establishing in vitro culturing of these fastidious parasites and new tools for the control of agricultural plant disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants

et al. 2014

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“…Extended alternative reading frames are found in CR3 , 5’ ND7 and RPS12 in Ps . However, the extended ARF in the Ps CR3 is in the +2 reading frame and the ND7 and RPS12 ARFs shows very little homology with the Tb/Tv ARF ( S2A , S2D and S2F Fig ) [ 38 ]. Interestingly, while Perkinsela has lost many of the genes in the mitochondria, RPS12 was retained [ 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial dual-coding genes in Trypanosoma brucei

Kirby

Koslowsky

2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted between mammalian hosts by the tsetse fly. In the mammal, they are exclusively extracellular, continuously replicating within the bloodstream. During this stage, the mitochondrion lacks a functional electron transport chain (ETC). Successful transition to the fly, requires activation of the ETC and ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. This life cycle leads to a major problem: in the bloodstream, the mitochondrial genes are not under selection and are subject to genetic drift that endangers their integrity. Exacerbating this, T. brucei undergoes repeated population bottlenecks as they evade the host immune system that would create additional forces of genetic drift. These parasites possess several unique genetic features, including RNA editing of mitochondrial transcripts. RNA editing creates open reading frames by the guided insertion and deletion of U-residues within the mRNA. A major question in the field has been why this metabolically expensive system of RNA editing would evolve and persist. Here, we show that many of the edited mRNAs can alter the choice of start codon and the open reading frame by alternative editing of the 5’ end. Analyses of mutational bias indicate that six of the mitochondrial genes may be dual-coding and that RNA editing allows access to both reading frames. We hypothesize that dual-coding genes can protect genetic information by essentially hiding a non-selected gene within one that remains under selection. Thus, the complex RNA editing system found in the mitochondria of trypanosomes provides a unique molecular strategy to combat genetic drift in non-selective conditions.

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“…Regardless of the origin, a junction region must be re-edited to match a fully edited pattern in order to allow for the annealing of a next cognate mRNA and extension of the editing further upstream. In the investigated strains of L. tarentolae , which were shown to have lost several indispensable minicircle classes during the prolonged cultivation (and putatively also in certain strains of Phytomonas serpens , L. donovani, and C. fasciculata ), the editing of several mRNAs could not be completed [85,91,92,93]. Partially edited intermediates with junction regions would then accumulate in the steady state mRNA population.…”

Section: The Dynamics Of Mrna-grna Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating the Wheat from the Chaff: RNA Editing and Selection of Translatable mRNA in Trypanosome Mitochondria

Maslov

2019

Pathogens

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In the mitochondria of trypanosomes and related kinetoplastid protists, most mRNAs undergo a long and sophisticated maturation pathway before they can be productively translated by mitochondrial ribosomes. Some of the aspects of this pathway (identity of the promotors, transcription initiation, and termination signals) remain obscure, and some (post-transcriptional modification by U-insertion/deletion, RNA editing, 3′-end maturation) have been illuminated by research during the last decades. The RNA editing creates an open reading frame for a productive translation, but the fully edited mRNA often represents a minor fraction in the pool of pre-edited and partially edited precursors. Therefore, it has been expected that the final stages of the mRNA processing generate molecular hallmarks, which allow for the efficient and selective recognition of translation-competent templates. The general contours and several important details of this process have become known only recently and represent the subject of this review.

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Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants

The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants

Mitochondrial dual-coding genes in Trypanosoma brucei

Separating the Wheat from the Chaff: RNA Editing and Selection of Translatable mRNA in Trypanosome Mitochondria

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