Demonstration of non-specific colitis and increased crypt depth in colon of weaned pigs with diarrhea

Pedersen, Ken Steen; Kristensen, Charlotte Sonne; Nielsen, Jens Peter

doi:10.1080/01652176.2012.675091

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similar cases of diarrhoea have previously been reported in growing pigs [4, 5]. We suggest using the term low pathogen (LP) diarrhoea for these kinds of diarrhoea outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs – a pilot study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe major indication for antibiotic use in Danish pigs is treatment of intestinal diseases post weaning. Clinical decisions on antibiotic batch medication are often based on inspection of diarrhoeic pools on the pen floor. In some of these treated diarrhoea outbreaks, intestinal pathogens can only be demonstrated in a small number of pigs within the treated group (low pathogen diarrhoea). Termination of antibiotic batch medication in herds suffering from such diarrhoea could potentially reduce the consumption of antibiotics in the pig industry. The objective of the present pilot study was to suggest criteria for herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs.Data previously collected from 20 Danish herds were used to create a case series of clinical diarrhoea outbreaks normally subjected to antibiotic treatment. In the present study, these diarrhoea outbreaks were classified as low pathogen (<15% of the pigs having bacterial intestinal disease) (n =5 outbreaks) or high pathogen (≥15% of the pigs having bacterial intestinal disease) (n =15 outbreaks). Based on the case series, different diagnostic procedures were explored, and criteria for herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea were suggested. The effect of sampling variation was explored by simulation.ResultsThe diagnostic procedure with the highest combined herd-level sensitivity and specificity was qPCR testing of a pooled sample containing 20 randomly selected faecal samples. The criteria for a positive test result (high pathogen diarrhoea outbreak) were an average of 1.5 diarrhoeic faecal pools on the floor of each pen in the room under investigation and a pathogenic bacterial load ≥35,000 per gram in the faecal pool tested by qPCR. The bacterial load was the sum of Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira pilosicoli and Escherichia coli F4 and F18 bacteria per gram faeces. The herd-diagnostic performance was (herd-level) diagnostic sensitivity =0.99, diagnostic specificity =0.80, positive predictive value =0.94 and negative predictive value =0.96.ConclusionsThe pilot study suggests criteria for herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs. The suggested criteria should now be evaluated, and the effect of terminating antibiotic batch medication in herds identified as suffering from low pathogen diarrhoea should be explored.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2046-0481-67-24) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Similar cases of diarrhoea have previously been reported in growing pigs [4, 5]. We suggest using the term low pathogen (LP) diarrhoea for these kinds of diarrhoea outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…However, other intestinal infections exist, including enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli, Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Salmonella spp. Some diarrhoea outbreaks may be due to other non-infectious factors, since only low pathogen numbers can be demonstrated despite the occurrence of diarrhoea [4, 5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs – a pilot study

et al. 2014

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“…The pig has a digestive tract highly similar to that of humans, 22 and post-weaning piglets develop a moderate, non-contagious inflammatory reaction in the gut as a consequence of stress, and the diet change. [23][24][25] We aimed to determine whether the application of EcN-AvCys was safe when applied repeatedly in high dosages to piglets in the sensitive post-weaning phase. Therefore, we performed a feeding trial with 30 post-weaning piglets that were orally inoculated with 10 10 EcN or EcN-AvCys every 48 hours for 2 weeks (Figure 5a).…”

Section: Transgenic Probiotic Is Safe In Pigs and Ameliorates Post-wementioning

confidence: 99%

A Transgenic Probiotic Secreting a Parasite Immunomodulator for Site-Directed Treatment of Gut Inflammation

et al. 2014

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New treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease are needed and parasitic nematode infections or application of helminth components improve clinical and experimental gut inflammation. We genetically modified the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 to secrete the powerful nematode immunomodulator cystatin in the gut. This treatment was tested in a murine colitis model and on post-weaning intestinal inflammation in pigs, an outbred model with a gastrointestinal system similar to humans. Application of the transgenic probiotic significantly decreased intestinal inflammation in murine acute colitis, associated with increased frequencies of Foxp3(+) Tregs, suppressed local interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17A production, decreased macrophage inflammatory protein-1α/β, monocyte chemoattractant protein -1/3, and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted expression and fewer inflammatory macrophages in the colon. High dosages of the transgenic probiotic were well tolerated by post-weaning piglets. Despite being recognized by T cells, secreted cystatin did not lead to changes in cytokine expression or macrophage activation in the colon. However, colon transepithelial resistance and barrier function were significantly improved in pigs receiving the transgenic probotic and post-weaning colon inflammation was reduced. Thus, the anti-inflammatory efficiency of a probiotic can be improved by a nematode-derived immunoregulatory transgene. This treatment regimen should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease.

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“…However, our present results showed that Lys-Lys had no effect on villous height, indicating that Lys-Lys does not affect the intestinal absorptive capacity of suckling piglets. The results suggested that Lys-Lys may be involved in increasing the turnover rate of intestinal mucosal cells ( 28 ) and that it had little effect on the nutrition absorption of suckling piglets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lysine–Lysine Dipeptide on Serum Amino Acid Profiles, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbiome in Suckling Piglets

Deng

Han

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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AimsSmall peptides are more energy-saving and efficiently absorbed compared to amino acids. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Lys-Lys dipeptide on the improvement of growth performance, amino acid metabolism, and gut development in suckling piglets.Methods and ResultsTwenty-eight newborn suckling piglets were orally administrated with 0.1%, 1%, and 5% Lys-Lys dipeptide for 21 days. Our results showed that the Lys-Lys dipeptide has no significant effect on growth performance and intestinal morphology compared with the control group. We also found that the 1% Lys-Lys dipeptide significantly increased the concentrations of serum Lys, Thr, Phe, and Pro while decreasing Cys compared to the control group. Similarly, the 5% Lys-Lys dipeptide markedly increased the concentrations of serum Lys, Iso, Thr, Asp, Glu, and Pro compared to the control group. Moreover, the Lys-Lys dipeptide downregulated the expression of jejunal Slc7a1, Slc7a2, and Slc15a1 and ileal Slc7a2. Additionally, the Lys-Lys dipeptide decreased the microbiota richness indices and relative abundance of Bacteroidales.ConclusionIn this study, we found that the Lys-Lys dipeptide contributes to the metabolism of amino acids but failed to affect the growth performance of piglets. Additionally, the Lys-Lys dipeptide decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidales. These results provide a theoretical for the future application and research of Lys-Lys dipeptide in intestinal development of suckling piglets.

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Demonstration of non-specific colitis and increased crypt depth in colon of weaned pigs with diarrhea

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs – a pilot study

Herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs – a pilot study

A Transgenic Probiotic Secreting a Parasite Immunomodulator for Site-Directed Treatment of Gut Inflammation

Effects of Lysine–Lysine Dipeptide on Serum Amino Acid Profiles, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbiome in Suckling Piglets

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