Demonstration of sites of latency of infectious laryngotracheitis virus using the polymerase chain reaction

Williams, Russell A.; Bennett, Malcolm J.; Bradbury, Janet M.; Gaskell, Rosalind M.; Jones, Richard C.; Jordan, F. T. W.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-73-9-2415

Cited by 122 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thus, the PCR assay would be a useful tool to confirm the ILTV. PCR has been found to be more sensitive than virus isolation from clinical samples [33], especially when other contaminant viruses such as adenoviruses are present [1]. All the eight Indian ILTV sequences were closely related with CEO vaccine strains of Italy, USA, Brazil and China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus-1) from clinical samples of commercial poultry flocks in India

et al. 2014

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Although the existence of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in India was first reported in 1964, no reports are available regarding its molecular detection and characterization. The present study was aimed to detect and characterize ILTV from recent respiratory disease complex (RDC) outbreaks of commercial poultry flocks in different parts of the country by using envelope glycoprotein G gene (US4 gene) based PCR and sequencing. A total of thirty two flocks with a history of RDC were investigated. Overall, all the strains/breeds of birds and all ages of birds are equally susceptible and depending on the severity, the clinical signs and gross lesions were varied. Out of 32 flocks investigated 10 were found positive for ILTV infection by PCR. The phylogenetic analyses of eight representative sequences in the present study deciphered that Indian ILT viruses are closely related to chicken embryo origin vaccine strains of Italy, USA, China and Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus-1) from clinical samples of commercial poultry flocks in India

et al. 2014

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“…Infection with both field and vaccinal strains of ILTV results in a carrier state characterized by latency in the trigeminal ganglia interspersed with brief periods of spontaneous virus shedding (Hughes et al, 1987;Hughes et al, 1991b;Williams et al, 1992). Natural stress factors including re-housing, mixing and the onset of lay are recognised factors that will trigger recrudescence and shedding of latent virus (Hughes et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RFLP analysis of recent Northern Ireland isolates of infectious laryngotracheitis virus: Comparison with vaccine virus and field isolates from England, Scotland and the Republic of Ireland

Graham¹,

McLaren²,

Calvert³

et al. 2000

Avian Pathology

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Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to assist epidemiological investigations following the recent introduction of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) to commercial poultry flocks in Northern Ireland (NI). A 4.9 kbp PCR product of the ILTV ICP4 gene was generated from each of 16 field isolates of ILTV originating from England, Scotland, NI and the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and of the single vaccine strain currently licenced for use within the United Kingdom. With the exception of isolate PV6/94 from RoI, all field isolates generated RFLP patterns, following digestion with HaeIII, similar to that obtained using the vaccinal strain. Following MspI digestion, NI isolates were indistinguishable from the vaccinal strain and recent English isolates. However, one English and one Scottish isolate, both made prior to the introduction of vaccination, and two isolates from RoI generated a second pattern following digestion with MspI.

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“…The main organ in which ILTV is latent is the trigeminal ganglia, possible because the trigeminal nerve is the main enervator of the upper respiratory tract, tongue and eyes, and the distal part is involved in the innervation of the trachea (Bagust & Johnson, 1995;Bagust, 1986;Williams et al, 1992). The presence of ILTV was detected in 19 of the evaluated trigeminal ganglia samples, showing that the virus became latent in a few chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…shedding (Coppo et al, 2013a;Hughes et al, 1991;Hughes et al, 1989;Williams et al, 1992). Recent experimental studies indicate that the virus can also be detected in other organs, such as the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, tongue, thymus, proventriculus, pancreas, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, cecum, cecal tonsils, bursa, and brain (Oldoni et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (Iltv) In 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) in 2009-2013 in the State of São Paulo - Brazil

Parra

Nuñez

Astolfi-Ferreira

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Infectious laryngotracheitis is a very important respiratory disease because it causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. The target of ILTV infections is the respiratory system, and the main organ in which the virus remains latent is the trigeminal ganglia. However, the virus has demonstrated tropism for other organs as well. The present study was conducted to determine the presence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) in the state of São Paulo. Samples submitted to LABOR-USP during the last four years (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) analyzed by a nested/PCR technique. Out of the 682 samples from layers tested for LTIV, 12.46 % were positive, and derived from in both traditional (trachea and trigeminal ganglion) and untraditional (cecal tonsils, digestive tract and kidneys) organs utilized for ILTV diagnosis.

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Demonstration of sites of latency of infectious laryngotracheitis virus using the polymerase chain reaction

Cited by 122 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular detection and characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus-1) from clinical samples of commercial poultry flocks in India

Molecular detection and characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus-1) from clinical samples of commercial poultry flocks in India

RFLP analysis of recent Northern Ireland isolates of infectious laryngotracheitis virus: Comparison with vaccine virus and field isolates from England, Scotland and the Republic of Ireland

Occurrence of infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) in 2009-2013 in the State of São Paulo - Brazil

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