Demonstration of the mass-producible feature of a Cs vapor microcell technology for miniature atomic clocks

Vicarini, Rémy; Maurice, Vincent; Hafiz, Moustafa Abdel; Rutkowski, Jarosław; Gorecki, Christophe; Passilly, Nicolas; Ribetto, Luca; Gaff, V.; Volant, V.; Galliou, Serge; Boudot, Rodolphe

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2018.07.032

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The AOM can be used for laser power control and stabilization [43]. The +1-order is then directed into an evacuated Cs vapor microfabricated cell containing a pill Cs dispenser [44]. The laser beam diameter at the cell input is about 2 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term stability of Cs microcell-stabilized lasers using dual-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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The combination of atomic spectroscopy, integrated photonics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) paves the road to the demonstration of microcell-based optical atomic clocks. Here, we report the short-term stability budget of table-top Cs microcell-stabilized lasers based on dual-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy (DFSDS). The dependence of the sub-Doppler resonance properties on key experimental parameters is studied. The detection noise budget and absolute phase noise measurements are in good agreement with the measured short-term frequency stability of the laser beatnote, at the level of 1.1 × 10 −12 τ −1/2 until 100 s, currently limited by the intermodulation effect from a distributed-feedback laser setup. The fractional frequency stability of the laser beatnote at 1 s is about 100 times better than those of commercial microwave chip-scale atomic clocks and validate the interest of the DFSDS approach for the development of high-performance microcell-based optical standards.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term stability of Cs microcell-stabilized lasers using dual-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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“…The laser beam, with a diameter of 1 mm, is directed into a Cs vapor micro-fabricated cell. The cell technology is analog to the one described in [19], without buffer gas. The science cavity of the cell is 2 mmdiameter and 1.4-mm long.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Dual-Frequency Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy for a Cs Microcell-Based Optical Frequency Reference

Petersen

Coget

Maurice

et al. 2019

2019 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF/IFC)

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Dual-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy (DF SDS) in vapor cells allows the detection of enhanced-absorption natural-line-width resonances. We investigate here the application of this spectroscopy technique into a Cs micro-fabricated cell. The dependence of the sub-Doppler resonance on the laser intensity is described. The influence of the cell temperature and the retroreflection mirror position was also studied. A preliminary laser beat-note between two 894 nm lasers, each stabilized using DF SDS, demonstrates an Allan deviation lower than 2 × 10 −12 at 1 s and at the level of 10 −12 at 10 2 s. Main contributions to the short-term and mid-term stability budget are under study. Latest results will be reported at the conference.

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“…One drawback is the rather large size of the dispenser and the need to manipulate individual dispensers, which can be an obstacle to mass production. However, recent achievements show that the technology has a high applicability in mass-scale production, and the obtained metrological parameters are good [89]. Fractional frequency stability of a CPT-based clock prototype, utilizing Cs vapor cells based on pill dispenser and fabricated as described before, is measured to be 2.5 × 10 −11 τ −1/2 up to 200s averaging time and better than 2 × 10 −11 τ −1/2 at 10 5 s.…”

Section: Conclusion and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Assessment of MEMS Alkali Vapor Cells for Atomic References

Knapkiewicz

2018

Micromachines

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This paper is a review that surveys work on the fabrication of miniature alkali vapor cells for miniature and chip-scale atomic clocks. Technology on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) cells from the literature is described in detail. Special attention is paid to alkali atom introduction methods and sealing of the MEMS structure. Characteristics of each technology are collated and compared. The article’s rhetoric is guided by the proposed classification of MEMS cell fabrication methods and contains a historical outline of MEMS cell technology development.

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Demonstration of the mass-producible feature of a Cs vapor microcell technology for miniature atomic clocks

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Short-term stability of Cs microcell-stabilized lasers using dual-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy

Short-term stability of Cs microcell-stabilized lasers using dual-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy

Exploring Dual-Frequency Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy for a Cs Microcell-Based Optical Frequency Reference

Technological Assessment of MEMS Alkali Vapor Cells for Atomic References

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