Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition Induced by Uniformly Distributed Lithium Ions for Efficient Lithium Metal Batteries

Cheng, Xin‐Bing; Hou, Thomas Y.; Zhang, Rui; Peng, Hong‐Jie; Zhao, Chen‐Zi; Huang, Jia‐Qi; Zhang, Qiang

doi:10.1002/adma.201506124

Cited by 931 publications

(575 citation statements)

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“…Besides, stable cycling performance of 500 cycles (170 h) was maintained. These performance improvements were mainly attributed to the uniformly distributed lithium ions near the electrode surface induced by such non‐conductive micro/nanostructure with polar functional groups 70. The use of micro/nanostructured electrolyte in which anions are well fixed by SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles while Li ion can be uneven diffuse and deposit on the Li metal anode,71, 72, 73, 74 which is another effective route to retard the formation of Li dendrites.…”

Section: Non‐conductive Micro/nanostructured Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Micro/Nanostructures for Lithium Metal Anodes

et al. 2017

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Owning to their very high theoretical capacity, lithium metal anodes are expected to fuel the extensive practical applications in portable electronics and electric vehicles. However, unstable solid electrolyte interphase and lithium dendrite growth during lithium plating/stripping induce poor safety, low Coulombic efficiency, and short span life of lithium metal batteries. Lately, varies of micro/nanostructured lithium metal anodes are proposed to address these issues in lithium metal batteries. With the unique surface, pore, and connecting structures of different nanomaterials, lithium plating/stripping processes have been regulated. Thus the electrochemical properties and lithium morphologies have been significantly improved. These micro/nanostructured lithium metal anodes shed new light on the future applications for lithium metal batteries.

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Section: Non‐conductive Micro/nanostructured Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Micro/Nanostructures for Lithium Metal Anodes

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The Li anode exhibits a high theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mA h g −1 , the highest electrochemical reduction potential of −3.040 V (vs standard hydrogen electrode), and a low density of 0.59 g cm −3 . [3,4] Nevertheless, the practical use of Li-metal anode suffers from an inherent challenge: the outgrowth of Li dendrites. [1,7] The Li dendrites are branched (or tree-like) Li deposits mainly arising from the highly nonuniform Li-ion redeposition on the electrode surface (Figure 1a).…”

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“…[1,7] The Li dendrites are branched (or tree-like) Li deposits mainly arising from the highly nonuniform Li-ion redeposition on the electrode surface (Figure 1a). [2][3][4]8] The imperfect electrode surfaces (e.g., the Cu and Li electrodes shown in Figure S1, Supporting Information) with evident protrusions intensify the inhomogeneous Li-ion distribution due to the higher electric potential around these tips, which is named the "tip effect." [2,4] The aggravated inhomogeneous Li-ion accumulation renders Li ions nonuniformly electrodeposit onto the electrode surface, producing an uneven Li deposit along with the germination of tree-like Li dendrites.…”

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“…[2][3][4]8] The imperfect electrode surfaces (e.g., the Cu and Li electrodes shown in Figure S1, Supporting Information) with evident protrusions intensify the inhomogeneous Li-ion distribution due to the higher electric potential around these tips, which is named the "tip effect." [2,4] The aggravated inhomogeneous Li-ion accumulation renders Li ions nonuniformly electrodeposit onto the electrode surface, producing an uneven Li deposit along with the germination of tree-like Li dendrites. The Li-dendrite sprouts and the nonuniform Li deposit cause the "self-amplification effect" that magnifies the inhomogeneity of Li-ion distribution and then promotes the outgrowth of Li deposits.…”

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Dendrite‐Free Lithium Anode via a Homogenous Li‐Ion Distribution Enabled by a Kimwipe Paper

Chang

Chung

Manthiram

2017

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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“…A 3D-glass-fiber protective layer with an abundance of polar functional groups (Si-O, O-H, O-B) is proven useful to inhibit Li dendrite growth and stabilize the SEI layer by Zhang and co-workers. [19] In addition to encapsulating Li inside PC through an electrochemical deposition approach, Li metal can also be infused into hosts via a facile thermal infusion technique. The melting point of Li metal is close to 180 °C and can be liquefied into molten Li when heated up to its melting point.…”

Section: Carbon Nanofibers For LI Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Porous Carbon Materials for High‐Efficient Lithium Metal Anodes

Xin

Yin

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

231

164

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choices for the next-generation energy storage devices because of their surpassed energy output. [3] However, the inherent defects of Li anode incur serious problems that restrict the utilization of rechargeable Li metal batteries. [4] First, an uneven plating/stripping of Li leads to the formation and growth of Li dendrites. The formed Li dendrites may puncture the separator and induce internal short circuit, bring severe safety concerns. Second, Li has a relatively high Fermi energy and thus easily reacts with the liquid electrolyte to form an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode surface. The persistent reaction between Li metal and electrolyte consumes both of them, and results in a low Coulombic efficiency and rapid capacity fade of anode. Third, the plating of Li is actually a "hostless" process. Therefore, the relative change of volume for Li metal anode is virtually infinite, which may induce immense internal stress fluctuation of battery and account for seriously deteriorated performance.Great efforts have been devoted to addressing the above problems of Li anode. A number of works focus on optimizing the electrolyte components and additives to homogenize the Li + flux for plating and improve the stability and uniformity of the SEI on the anode surface. [5] However, the resultant SEI layer has been revealed not sufficiently sturdy to accommodate the morphological change of the Li anode surface, and can be broken down upon repeated Li plating/stripping. [6] Therefore, solid electrolytes and various mechanical barriers with high shear modulus have been explored to suppress dendrite formation. [7] Given the simple physical blocking function of the mechanical barrier, these strategies do not alter the fundamental chemical/ electrochemical properties of Li and thereby show a limited dendrite-proof effect. Furthermore, most solid electrolytes show low ionic conductivity and critical interfacial issues in their contacts with both electrodes. Recently, the development of a threedimensional (3D) porous current collector has been considered as a feasible route to prohibit the growth of Li dendrite. [8] The 3D interconnected architectures provide a large specific surface area, enabling low current density and uniform distribution of the positive charges, while the porous structure ensures ample space to accommodate Li, limiting the growth of Li dendrite and alleviating the huge volume change of Li metal during cycling. For example, 3D porous copper current collector consisting of a large number of protuberant tips has been regarded Metallic lithium is considered as a competitive anode candidate for rechargeable Li batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mA h g −1 . However, hurdles regarding the uneven Li deposition, unstable solid electrolyte interphase formation, and infinite change of relative dimensions challenge its practical application. Porous carbons (PCs), due to their high conductivity and stable electrochemistry, have been demonstrated feasible as ho...

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Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition Induced by Uniformly Distributed Lithium Ions for Efficient Lithium Metal Batteries

Cited by 931 publications

References 62 publications

Advanced Micro/Nanostructures for Lithium Metal Anodes

Advanced Micro/Nanostructures for Lithium Metal Anodes

Dendrite‐Free Lithium Anode via a Homogenous Li‐Ion Distribution Enabled by a Kimwipe Paper

Advanced Porous Carbon Materials for High‐Efficient Lithium Metal Anodes

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