Dendritic organization in thalamocortical neurons and state-dependent functions of inhibitory synaptic inputs

Abstract

GABA-ergic thalamic reticular neurons function generically or singularly in a state-dependent manner: during quiet sleep they synchronously and rhythmically inhibit thalamocortical neurons (TCNs) via bursts, thereby eliciting the low-threshold Ca 2+ potentials in TCNs that are crucial to oscillatory network behavior in the thalamo-reticulo-cortical system; during wakefulness they shape the flux of ascending sensory information by inhibiting TCNs with asynchronous and arrhythmic single-spikes. To investigate how the reticulo-thalamic synapses, which occur throughout TCN dendrites, are able to effect such disparate functions, we have: (1) used a 1416 compartment model of a 3D reconstructed TCN; (2) triggered dendritic miniature (TTX-independent) and unitary (single-afferent) conductance-based synaptic events, and (3) recorded axial currents and voltage transients in all 1416 compartments simultaneously. For synapses at all dendritic locations, more than 79% of the charge transfer reached the soma, where it dispersed into other dendritic trees to return to the extracellular space. In accord, dendritic synapses in 80% of the arbor induced voltage responses that were severely attenuated at the soma (>75% loss). Spatio-temporal aspects of distributed postsynaptic responses were examined as well. Except for synapses in the 13 most proximal compartments, the amplitude and phase of the voltage responses degraded rapidly within a focal region that did not extend beyond the host tree, and was limited most often to a subtree. The bulk response (outside the focal region) was highly synchronous and uniform. Interestingly, there were not 1403 different focal regions, but only 20, each clearly distinct from the rest and sharply delineated. Structural attributes of the arbor determined their boundaries. Boundaries were invariant when the analysis was repeated on rescaled versions (length, diameter) of the reconstructed arbor. Unitary events also induced focal/bulk structures for both burst and single-spike triggers -paradigms that correspond to single-afferent drives during quiet sleep and arousal, respectively. Such qualities differ dramatically from previously proposed motifs of dendritic clustering, each of which carried nonlinear sensitivities to parameter values. We propose that dendritic clustering underlies the role of reticulo-thalamic synapses in the early processing of ascending sensory information and that bulk responses contribute robustness to the induction and maintenance oscillations in the thalamo-reticulo-cortical network.

Computer model of passive signal integration based on whole‐cell in vitro studies of rat lateral geniculate nucleus

“…A white‐noise study would more completely characterize passive electrical properties, but would not be as readily interpretable in a neurobiological context. However, we agree with Neubig & Destexhe (2001) that a study of biologically relevant signals is more readily interpreted and more readily extended to the active‐dendrite case.…”

“…This meant that, while a synaptic signal generated anywhere in a thalamocortical cell dendrite would be transmitted throughout the arbor and to the soma, it was concluded that distal dendrites of interneurons were functionally isolated from the soma and other dendrites, suggesting that each interneuron might consist of many independent dendritic domains. The thalamocortical cell aspect of this study has been superseded by the findings of Neubig & Destexhe (2001).…”

“…Using synaptic signals, they found thalamocortical cell dendrites would group into functionally distinct ‘clusters’ with focal activity which differed from the bulk response of the rest of the cell. These Neubig & Destexhe (2001) thalamocortical cell ‘clusters’ are comparable to the Bloomfield & Sherman (1989) interneuron dendritic ‘domains’. Therefore it has been suggested that regions of dendritic tree could do independent information processing in both cell types.…”

“…Neubig & Destexhe (2001) reassessed the modelling of thalamocortical cells. However, the electrotonic properties of interneurons have not been re‐addressed using more recent modelling techniques.…”

Contribution of morphology and membrane resistance to integration of fast synaptic signals in two thalamic cell types

“…In each TC, EPSP soma from different dendritic locations had very similar peak amplitude with a coefficient of variation (CV) of only 12% on average (see also Neubig & Destexhe, 2001; Briska et al 2003). Furthermore, the different TCs were also very similar to each other; the mean EPSP soma varied only 24% between the different TCs.…”