Dendritic Release of Vasopressin and Oxytocin

Ludwig, Mike

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00279.x

Cited by 309 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…While peripheral Oxt release is important during parturition and lactation, central Oxt release can affect maternal behavior and learning and memory. [18][19][20][21][22] In patients diagnosed with either schizophrenia or obsessive compulsive disorder, there have been reports of elevated Oxt baseline concentrations in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in some, 23,24 but not all, 25 studies. Rats treated with antipsychotics have elevated Oxt secretion, 26 suggesting that endogenous Oxt may be important for the effects of antipsychotic drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin as a natural antipsychotic: a study using oxytocin knockout mice

2008

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It has been previously suggested that oxytocin (Oxt) may act as a natural antipsychotic. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether disruption of the oxytocin gene (OxtÀ/À) made mice more susceptible to the psychosis-related effects of amphetamine (Amp), apomorphine (Apo) and phencyclidine (PCP). We examined drug-induced changes in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, a measure of sensorimotor gating deficits characteristic of several psychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia. We found that treatment with Amp, Apo and PCP all had effects on PPI. However, in OxtÀ/À mice, but not Oxt þ / þ mice, PCP treatment resulted in large PPI deficits. As PCP is a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist, these findings suggest that the absence of Oxt alters the glutamatergic component of the PPI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin as a natural antipsychotic: a study using oxytocin knockout mice

2008

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“…Oxytocin neurons are activated in response to various types of stressful stimuli (Ludwig 1998;Neumann 2002), and recent work has suggested the presence of an oxytocin-mediated, parasympathetically driven "anti-stress" system (Uvnas-Moberg 1997). Interestingly, the concept of intergenerational transmission of stress responsiveness through altered maternal behavior has gained attention over the last few years (Pedersen and Boccia 2002;Fish et al 2004), and recent work has indicated an oxytocin connection (Francis et al 2000;Francis et al 2002;Pedersen and Boccia 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

McMurray

Joyner

Middleton

et al. 2008

Stress

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Gestational cocaine treatment results in significantly increased maternal aggression towards an intruder by postpartum day six, while acute postpartum treatment dose dependently decreases maternal aggressive (MA) behavior. Both increased and decreased aggression in the cocainetreated dams are correlated with either decreased or increased levels of oxytocin in the amygdala, respectively. The current study was an effort to determine whether the effect of gestational cocaine on maternal aggression is transient or would continue into the postpartum period; whether an intermittent cocaine treatment regimen, which incorporates gestational and postpartum intermittent cocaine treatment, would differ from chronic daily gestational treatment; and finally, whether next generation female offspring of cocaine-treated or control dams would have altered MA behavior and oxytocin system changes attributable to either prenatal drug exposure, rearing condition or both. We now report no increase in maternal aggression following chronic gestational treatment and significantly lower levels of aggression in intermittently treated dams on postpartum day eight, with no significant effects in either group on postpartum day 12. Young adult female offspring of the cocaine-treated and control dams, who reared their own natural litters and were tested on postpartum day eight for maternal aggression, had higher levels of maternal aggression towards an intruder attributable to both prenatal cocaine exposure and rearing condition. Higher aggression in cocaine-reared next generation dams was associated with lower levels of oxytocin in the amygdala. Intergenerational effects of cocaine were apparent with respect to aggression and oxytocin system changes.

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“…Somatodendritic secretion of OT within the SON is presumed to be mediated by calcium-dependent exocytosis of large densecore vesicles (LDCVs) (Pow and Morris, 1989;Ludwig, 1998). In this study, we tested whether somatodendritic release shares properties with synaptic release of neurotransmitters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatodendritic Secretion in Oxytocin Neurons Is Upregulated during the Female Reproductive Cycle

Kock¹,

Wierda²,

Bosman³

et al. 2003

J. Neurosci.

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During the female reproductive cycle, hypothalamic oxytocin (OT) neurons undergo sharp changes in excitability. In lactating mammals, bursts of electrical activity of OT neurons result in the release of large amounts of OT in the bloodstream, which causes milk ejection. One hypothesis is that OT neurons regulate their own firing activity and that of nearby OT neurons by somatodendritic release of OT. In this study, we show that OT neuron activity strongly reduces inhibitory synaptic transmission to these neurons. This effect is blocked by antagonists of both adenosine and OT receptors and is mimicked by OT application. Inhibition of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex formation by tetanus toxin completely blocked the stimulation-induced reduction in inhibitory input, as did the calcium chelator BAPTA. During lactation, the readily releasable pool of secretory vesicles in OT cell bodies was doubled, and calcium currents were upregulated. This resulted in an increased inhibition of GABAergic synaptic transmission by somatodendritic release during lactation compared with the adult virgin stage. These results demonstrate that somatodendritic release is augmented during lactation, which is a novel form of plasticity to change the strength of synaptic transmission.

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Dendritic Release of Vasopressin and Oxytocin

Cited by 309 publications

References 164 publications

Oxytocin as a natural antipsychotic: a study using oxytocin knockout mice

Oxytocin as a natural antipsychotic: a study using oxytocin knockout mice

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

Somatodendritic Secretion in Oxytocin Neurons Is Upregulated during the Female Reproductive Cycle

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