Dendritic Spacing/Columnar Grain Diameter of Al–2Mg–Zn Alloys Affecting Hardness, Tensile Properties, and Dry Sliding Wear in the As‐Cast/Heat‐Treated Conditions

Ache, Carolina; Lopes, Maiquel Moraes; Reis, None Bernardo Poras; Garcia, Amauri; Santos, Carlos Alexandre dos

doi:10.1002/adem.201901145

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…According to the results herein, the wear rate decreases with the decrease in λ 2 , which is in agreement with results of previous works. [ 26–53 ] Such expressions can be used to design solidification conditions with a view to obtaining a particular microstructure feature leading to a desired level of wear behavior.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further details about the solidification apparatus are given in previous studies. [26,27] In the experiments, the cooling system was started when the molten metal temperature reached the superheat above 10% of each alloy's liquidus temperature. Six K-type thermocouples with 1.6 mm diameter were positioned inside the mold with a view to obtaining the thermal evolution profiles during solidification with an acquisition rate of 10 Hz.…”

Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure, Hardness, Tensile Strength, and Sliding Wear of Hypoeutectic Al–Si Cast Alloys with Small Cr Additions and Fe‐Impurity Content

2021

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The extensive application of Al-Si alloys in the foundry industry is due to their enhanced metallurgical aspects such as excellent castability, improved mechanical properties, recyclability, and high strength-to-weight ratio when compared with cast-iron alloys. [1] Despite these advantages, modern industry requires alloys with enlarged responses related to high tribology and corrosion resistances, especially for automotive, aeronautical, and aerospace applications. [2][3][4][5][6] The as-cast microstructure of Al-Si hypoeutectic alloys generally shows a dendritic structure with isolated Si and impurities as secondary phases in the interdendritic regions. The most deleterious feature related to Al-Si cast alloys is the presence of Fe that frequently appears as an impurity in conventional casting processes. Due to the low solid solubility in the α-Al matrix, Fe is segregated into the liquid during solidification and forms intermetallic compounds. Several works have shown that the presence of Fe in Al-Si cast alloys negatively changes the mechanical properties associated with the ductility due to the needle-like morphology and brittleness of the β-Al 5 FeSi (β-phase, monoclinic). [7][8][9][10][11] The βphase formation depends not only on the Fe content but also on the cooling rate conditions during solidification evolution, as reported in some works. [12][13][14] In general, the amount of β-phase increases, whereas the solidification rate decreases, mainly in those ranges observed in conventional casting processes. To solve the problem, additions of transition metals, such as Mn, Cr, Zr, Ni, Be, V, Co, and Ti, are used to change the morphology of the β-particles. Among these elements, Mn is often used for this purpose due to its effectiveness. According to Shabestari and collaborators, [15,16] small additions of Mn can avoid the β-phase formation, inducing the formation of other less harmful intermetallics. Cao and Campbel [17] and Bidmeshki et. al [18] have confirmed that a Mg:Fe ratio up to 0.5 changes the morphology of the β-particles from needle-like to star-like polygonal in Al-Si alloys.Similarly, the effects of Cr and mixtures with other elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties have been evaluated by several authors. As the atomic radius, crystal structure, and atomic number of Cr and Mn are close, it might be expected that Cr would have an efficient behavior to modify and/or eliminate the β-phase. [19] Li et al. [20] verified the formation of α-Al (Fe, Cr)Si phases after addition of 0.5% Cr to an Al-Si piston alloy with 0.8% Fe. Yang et al. [21] investigated the effect of different Cr additions to the microstructure and mechanical properties of a eutectic Al-Si alloy and demonstrated that the conversion from β-Al 5 FeSi to α-Al(Fe, Cr)Si improved mechanical responses, especially in terms of ductility. A work reported by Grushko and Pavlyuchkov [22] observed identical positive variation

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, Hardness, Tensile Strength, and Sliding Wear of Hypoeutectic Al–Si Cast Alloys with Small Cr Additions and Fe‐Impurity Content

2021

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“…Subsequently, the alloys were directionally solidified in the solidification apparatus shown in Figure 1a, which consists of a resistive tubular furnace having two independent heating zones, a cylindrical AISI 1020 carbon steel mold instrumented with six type-K thermocouples (1.6 mm diameter) positioned along the height of the mold cavity, and a water jet cooling system with a flow rate of 3 L/min located at the bottom of the mold. Our previous works present details about the solidification experimental system [19,22,23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, Hardness, and Linear Reciprocating Sliding Wear Response of Directionally Solidified Al–(2.5, 3.5, 4.5)Cu–(0.25, 0.50)Cr Alloys

Lantmann,

Mariante,

Pinheiro

et al. 2023

Metals

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Aluminum alloys containing transition metal alloying elements have attracted interest from researchers. The effect of Cr additions of 0.25 and 0.50% on the thermal profile, microstructure, hardness, and linear reciprocating sliding wear response of as-cast hypoeutectic Al–Cu alloys with 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5% Cu (wt.%) was investigated. The binary Al–Cu and ternary Al–Cu–Cr alloys were directionally solidified under upward non-steady state heat transfer conditions using a dedicated solidification apparatus. Thermal analysis based on differential thermal analysis (DTA) and cooling curve profiles was performed to determine solidification thermal parameters such as Liquidus temperature (TL), transformation enthalpy (ΔH), and liquid cooling rate (ṪL). Samples extracted from the solidified ingots were submitted to optical microscopy, hardness measurement, and linear reciprocating sliding wear test using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The results showed a decrease at the beginning of solidification (TL) and of the transformation enthalpy (ΔH) when both alloy Cu and Cr contents increased, with a higher influence of Cu. The addition of Cu decreased cooling rates, whereas the increase in the alloy Cr concentration showed an opposite behavior, increasing cooling rates. The refinement of the primary dendrite arm spacing (λ1), as a consequence of the increase in alloying elements and solidification cooling rates, enhanced the hardness of the alloys, with the maximum value of 58 HB achieved in the ternary Al–4.5Cu–0.50Cr alloy. The wear tests indicated a better response to wear associated with microstructure refinement for the alloys with 2.5% Cu, for both Cr contents, an almost constant behavior for the 3.5% Cu alloys, and an opposite performance for the alloys with 4.5% Cu alloys that showed better wear resistance with coarsening of the λ1 and with the increase in the amount of the eutectic microconstituent.

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“…Several investigations have reported that the microstructure plays an important role on mechanical properties, wear resistance and corrosion behaviour of metallic alloys, highlighting the importance of microstructural control through solidification thermal parameters during the casting process [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. In addition, the elements that constitute the alloy affect its corrosion behaviour [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bi content on microstructure and corrosion behaviour of Zn–8Al–(Bi) alloys

Septimio

Arenas

Conde

et al. 2021

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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Electrochemical techniques such as Polarisation and Galvanic tests as well as immersion test were used to analyse both the effects of different Bi contents and the length scale of dendritic spacings on Zn-8 wt-%Al-(1.5, 2.3 and 3 wt-%Bi) alloys on their corrosion behaviour. The results revealed that no significant differences in the corrosion kinetics were observed with the scale of the dendritic and lamellar spacings. Conversely, the corrosion behaviour was shown to be dependent on the alloy Bi content. Despite the cathodic character of Bi, its addition to the Zn-8%Al alloy was shown to reduce the corrosion rate as compared with that of the binary alloy.

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Dendritic Spacing/Columnar Grain Diameter of Al–2Mg–Zn Alloys Affecting Hardness, Tensile Properties, and Dry Sliding Wear in the As‐Cast/Heat‐Treated Conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Microstructure, Hardness, Tensile Strength, and Sliding Wear of Hypoeutectic Al–Si Cast Alloys with Small Cr Additions and Fe‐Impurity Content

Microstructure, Hardness, Tensile Strength, and Sliding Wear of Hypoeutectic Al–Si Cast Alloys with Small Cr Additions and Fe‐Impurity Content

Microstructure, Hardness, and Linear Reciprocating Sliding Wear Response of Directionally Solidified Al–(2.5, 3.5, 4.5)Cu–(0.25, 0.50)Cr Alloys

Effect of Bi content on microstructure and corrosion behaviour of Zn–8Al–(Bi) alloys

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