Dengue occurrence relations and serology: cross-sectional analysis of results from the Guerrero State, Mexico, baseline for a cluster-randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation for dengue prevention

Abstract

BackgroundThe Mexican arm of the Camino Verde trial of community mobilisation for dengue prevention covered three coastal regions of Guerrero state: Acapulco, Costa Grande and Costa Chica. A baseline cross-sectional survey provided data for community mobilisation and for adapting the intervention design to concrete conditions in the intervention areas.MethodsTrained field teams constructed community profiles in randomly selected clusters, based on observation and key informant interviews. In each household they carried out an entomological inspection of water containers, collected information on socio-demographic variables and cases of dengue illness among household members in the last year, and gathered paired saliva samples from children aged 3–9 years, which were subjected to ELISA testing to detect recent dengue infection. We examined associations with dengue illness and recent dengue infection in bivariate and then multivariate analysis.ResultsIn 70/90 clusters, key informants were unable to identify any organized community groups. Some 1.9% (1029/55,723) of the household population reported dengue illness in the past year, with a higher rate in Acapulco region. Among children 3–9 years old, 6.1% (392/6382) had serological evidence of recent dengue infection. In all three regions, household use of anti-mosquito products, household heads working, and households having less than 5 members were associated with self-reported dengue illness. In Acapulco region, people aged less than 25 years, those with a more educated household head and those from urban sites were also more likely to report dengue illness, while in Costa Chica and Costa Grande, females were more likely to report dengue illness. Among children aged 3–9 years, those aged 3–4 years and those living in Acapulco were more likely to have evidence of recent dengue infection.ConclusionsThe evidence from the baseline survey provided important support for the design and implementation of the trial intervention. The weakness of community leadership and the relatively low rates of self-reported dengue illness were challenges that the Mexican intervention team had to overcome. The higher dengue illness occurrence among women in Costa Grande and Costa Chica may help explain why women participated more than men in activities during the Camino Verde trial.

Sero-epidemiological study on Dengue fever virus in humans and camels at Upper Egypt

“…For instance, humans of <21 years were at the highest risk followed by those between 21 and 40 years. Our finding is consistent with the previous studies indicating that the disease is more prevalent in younger ages [ 21 , 32 , 33 ]. Despite these consistencies regarding age and DF risk between our observations and other reports, no conclusions can be drawn from the present finding due to the small sample size of this age group (<21 years, n=8).…”

“…[ 32 ], but in contradiction to the observation of Nava-Aguilera et al . [ 33 ]. A possible reason that males are more at risk of infection compared to femalesis the propensity for males to have higher exposure rates to mosquitoes, given that males are often subject to more outdoor activities.…”

Characterizing dengue transmission in rural areas: A systematic review

“…Most estimates used data collected in tropical regions of Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa ( Fig 2 ). These studies were divided into 2 categories: (1) articles that presented rural–urban comparison estimates ( n = 37) [ 4 – 7 , 9 , 25 , 39 , 42 – 44 , 49 , 53 , 59 – 62 , 65 , 69 , 72 , 75 , 78 , 83 , 85 , 86 , 88 , 93 , 95 – 97 , 101 , 109 , 119 , 120 , 125 , 126 , 133 , 135 ] and (2) articles that presented rural estimates ( n = 92) [ 4 – 9 , 19 , 25 , 40 – 71 , 73 – 78 , 80 – 82 , 84 , 85 , 87 , 89 – 94 , 97 – 100 , 102 – 109 , 111 – 119 , 121 , ...…”

“…Examples include terrain, such as “tropical forests” or “rice fields,” proximity to increased wildlife biodiversity (52.5%, n = 21) [ 45 , 48 , 51 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 69 , 71 , 81 , 88 , 99 , 100 , 105 , 106 , 114 , 115 , 117 , 119 , 122 , 134 , 135 ] or agricultural practices, including the types of crops and livestock, (47.5%, n = 19) [ 8 , 43 , 45 , 57 , 58 , 62 – 64 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 83 , 100 , 104 , 114 , 115 , 119 , 128 , 134 ]. If rural was defined in relation to urban centers, authors commonly used direct comparisons and considered locations to be rural because (a) they were not urban (50.0%, n = 15) [ 7 , 9 , 25 , 39 , 43 , 53 , 59 , 62 , 69 , 79 , …”

“…We identified 48 estimates from 22 articles comparing rural to urban dengue estimates [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 25 , 43 , 44 , 49 , 53 , 59 – 62 , 65 , 69 , 75 , 78 , 93 , 97 , 109 , 126 , 135 ]. The rural–urban comparison studies had an average NOS quality ranking of 3.5, with a standard deviation of 1.1.…”