Denim production and silicosis

Akgün, Metin

doi:10.1097/mcp.0000000000000249

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In recent years, two of the worst outbreaks of silicosis have occurred in industries not traditionally thought to be associated with RCS exposures, specifically denim jean production and domestic benchtop fabrication. The process of sandblasting denim jeans to produce a “worn‐out” look began in Turkey in the 1990s and reached its peak in the early 2000s 78. The first case of silicosis in this industry was identified in 2001.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Silica‐associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica‐related diseases in the modern world

Hoy

Chambers

2020

Allergy

264

174

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Silicosis is an ancient and potentially fatal pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica. Silicosis is historically a disease of miners; however, failure to recognize and control the risk associated with silica exposure in contemporary work practices such as sandblasting denim jeans and manufacturing of artificial stone benchtops has led to re‐emergence of silicosis around the world. This review outlines the mineralogy, epidemiology, clinical and radiological features of the various forms of silicosis and other silica‐associated diseases. Perspective is provided on the most recent studies shedding light on pathogenesis, including the central role of innate immune effector cells and subsequent inflammatory cascades in propagating pulmonary fibrosis and the extrapulmonary manifestations, which uniquely characterize this pneumoconiosis. Clinical conundrums in differential diagnosis, particularly between silicosis and sarcoidosis, are highlighted, as is the importance of obtaining a careful occupational history in the patient presenting with pulmonary infiltrates and/or fibrosis. While silicosis is a completely preventable disease, unfortunately workers around the world continue to be affected and experience progressive or even fatal disease. Although no treatments have been proven, opportunities to intervene to prevent progressive disease, founded in a thorough cellular and molecular understanding of the immunopathology of silicosis, are highlighted.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Silica‐associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica‐related diseases in the modern world

Hoy

Chambers

2020

Allergy

264

174

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“…Unfortunately, the available scientific knowledge is not yet adequate for monitoring particle exposure-related health problems, delivering treatment to affected patients, and devising appropriate early recognition of reactive particles and individuals at risk ( 2 – 4 ). For example, although silicosis has been known for decades, exposure to dusts containing free crystalline silica remains uncontrolled in countless workplaces throughout the world and clinical cases of chronic diseases caused by inhaled particles are still frequent ( 5 – 7 ). Despite active research, the highly lethal disorders caused by silica inhalation continue to pose major clinical challenges because there are refractory to current therapeutic strategies ( 8 ).…”

Section: Micro- and Nano-particles In The Twenty-first Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Role of Immunosuppression in Diseases Induced by Micro- and Nano-Particles: Time to Revisit the Exclusive Inflammatory Scenario

Huaux

2018

Front. Immunol.

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Fibrosis, cancer, and autoimmunity developing upon particle exposure have been exclusively linked with uncontrolled inflammatory processes. The critical role of inflammation is now challenged by several contradictory observations indicating that the emergence of these chronic disorders may result from non-inflammatory events. A growing number of studies reveals that micro- and nano-particles can cause exaggerated and persistent immunosuppression characterized by the release of potent anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β), and the recruitment of major regulatory immune cells (M2 macrophages, T and B regs, and MDSC). This persistent immunosuppressive environment is initially established to limit early inflammation but contributes later to fibrosis, cancer, and infection. Immunosuppression promotes fibroblast proliferation and matrix element synthesis and subverts innate and adaptive immune surveillance against tumor cells and microorganisms. This review details the contribution of immunosuppressive cells and their derived immunoregulatory mediators and delineates the mutual role of inflammatory vs. immunosuppressive mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases induced by particles. The consideration of these new results explains how particle-related diseases can develop independently of chronic inflammation, enriches current bioassays predicting particle toxicity and suggests new clinical strategies for treating patients affected by particle-associated diseases.

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“…Although implementing effective surveillance and control programs can prevent silicosis, there are many obstacles in achieving this goal [35]. As seen in several instances, its hazard in a new occupational setting is usually neglected or underestimated, but it costs lives and only attracts public attention following a disaster as observed in the Hawk's Nest Disaster in the US [36] and the epidemics of silicosis among former sandblasters because of denim sandblasting in Turkey [37]. Unfortunately, despite facing repercussions of such disasters, precautionary measures are not taken and similar events occur in new settings in the same country or another place.…”

Section: Increased Awareness Of Silicosis and Its Hazardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicosis in Turkey: Is it an Endless Nightmare or is There Still Hope?

Akgün

Ergan

2018

Turk Thorac J

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Silicosis is an ancient but still life-threatening occupational lung disease because of its incurable nature. Although its risks are known in many occupational settings and effective control strategies are well established, new cases, even epidemics, continue to occur in different sectors of Turkey. Before taking action, defining the magnitude of the problem is essential. In this concise review, we aimed to present the current situation of silicosis in Turkey. According to the data available to date, silicosis continues to be a major health problem in different sectors. Sandblasting seems to have the highest risk for the development of silicosis. Disease onset at early age and history of short exposure duration may indicate intense silica exposure. After denim sandblasters, dental technicians seem to be the new and recently recognized high-risk occupation group as per the increasing reports. Because of the lack of a definite treatment of silicosis, prevention of the disease should be the main target. Better occupational disease registry systems would be useful to assess the magnitude of the problem. In addition to implementing the necessary regulations, a close inspection of the workplaces for potential risks is essential. Other social and economic factors related with the occurrence of disease, such as unregistered employment rate and unlicensed and uninsured work, should also be considered. Finally, optimal healthcare and better living conditions for patients with silicosis should be ensured.

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Denim production and silicosis

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

Silica‐related diseases in the modern world

Silica‐related diseases in the modern world

Emerging Role of Immunosuppression in Diseases Induced by Micro- and Nano-Particles: Time to Revisit the Exclusive Inflammatory Scenario

Silicosis in Turkey: Is it an Endless Nightmare or is There Still Hope?

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