Denitrification by Alcaligenes eutrophus is plasmid dependent

Römermann, D; Friedrich, Bärbel

doi:10.1128/jb.162.2.852-854.1985

Cited by 42 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…might be explained by horizontal gene transfer. Cu dNir may be plasmid borne in Alcaligenes eutrophus (26). Gene transfer provides a plausible route by which Cu dNir could have spread among pseudomonads and other groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological identification and distribution of dissimilatory heme cd1 and nonheme copper nitrite reductases in denitrifying bacteria

Coyne

Arunakumari

Averill

et al. 1989

Appl Environ Microbiol

197

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Polyclonal antibodies were used to identify heme or copper nitrite reductases in the following groups: 23 taxonomically diverse denitrifiers from culture collections, 100 numerically dominant denitrifiers from geographically diverse environments, and 51 denitrifiers from a culture collection not selected for denitrification. Antisera were raised against heme nitrite reductases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas stutzeri and against copper nitrite reduttase from Achromobacter cycloclastes. Nitrite reductases were identified by Western immunoblot. Diethyldithiocarbamate, which specifically inhibits copper nitrite reductases, was used to confirm the immunological characterization and determine which type was present in strains nonreactive with any antiserum. For groups in which the type of nitrite reductase has not been previously described, we found that Alcaligenes eutrophus, Bacillus azotoformans, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Corynebacterium nephridii, and Rhizobium spp. contained copper nitrite reductase, while Aquaspirillum itersonii, Flavobacterium spp., and Pseudomonasfluorescens contained heme nitrite reductase. Heme nitrite reductases dominated, regardless of soil type or geographic origin. They occurred in 64 and 92%, respectively, of denitrifiers in the numerically dominant and nonselected collections. The two nitrite reductase types were mutually exclusive in individual bacteria, but both appeared in different strains from the Alcaligenes and Pseudomonas genera. The heme type predominated in Pseudomonas strains. The heme-type nitrite reductase appeared more conserved if judged by similarities in molecular weights and immunological reactions. The Cu type was found in more taxonomically unrelated strains and varied in molecular weight and antiserum recognition. Dissimilatory nitrite reductases (dNirs) are pivotal to the fate of combined nitrogen in the environment. They determine the point at which nitrogen is dissimilated instead of assimilated (24). Two distinct types of nitrite reductase are known: one contains a Cu center, and the other contains hemes c and dl. Both seem to carry out the same physiological reaction. NO is typically produced from NO2 during in vitro enzyme assays, but under some conditions, N20 is also produced (6, 32). Cytochrome cd, dNir has been identified in Alcaligenes faecalis (18), Micrococcus (Paracoccus) denitrificans (22), Paracoccus halodenitrificans (5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34), Pseudomonas stutzeri (12), and Thiobacillus denitrificans (14). Nonheme Cu dNir has been found in Achromobacter cycloclastes (8), Alcaligenes sp. (Achromobacter xylosoxidans) (17), Alcaligenesfaecalis S6 (10), Nitrosomonas europaea (25), and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans (Rhodobacter sphaeroides) (27). The distribution of the two dNir types in the environment is unknown, although cd, dNir has been identified most often in denitrifying isolates. These strains, which are typically studied in the laboratory, do not reflect the dominant denitrifying populations in nature ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological identification and distribution of dissimilatory heme cd1 and nonheme copper nitrite reductases in denitrifying bacteria

Coyne

Arunakumari

Averill

et al. 1989

Appl Environ Microbiol

197

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“…This suggests that genes for both dissimilatory and assimilatory nitrate reduction may be located on the endogenous plasmid. Genes for denitrification (dissimilatory nitrate reduction) are located on a megaplasmid in Alcaligenes eutrophus [50], but no evidence has previously been obtained for the location of genes for nitrate assimilation on an endogenous plasmid. Rb.…”

Section: The Possible Role Of Endogenous Plasmids In Carbon and Nitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical genetics revisited: the use of mutants to study carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria

Willison¹

1993

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The biochemical genetics approach is defined as the use of mutants, in comparative studies with the wild‐type, to obtain information about biochemical and physiological processes in complex metabolic systems. This approach has been used extensively, for example in studies on the bioenergetics of the photosynthetic bacteria, but has been applied less frequently to studies of intermediary carbon and nitrogen metabolism in phototrophic organisms. Several important processes in photosynthetic bacteria—the regulation of nitrogenase synthesis and activity, the control of intracellular redox balance during photoheterotrophic growth, and chemotaxis—have been shown to involve metabolism. However, current understanding of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in these organisms is insufficient to allow a complete understanding of these phenomena. The purpose of the present review is to give an overview of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria, with particular emphasis on work carried out with mutants, and to indicate areas in which the biochemical genetics approach could be applied successfully. In particular, it will be argued that, in the case of Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rb. sphaeroides, two species which are fast‐growing, possess a versatile metabolism, and have been extensively studied genetically, it should be possible to obtain a complete, integrated description of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and to undertake a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the flow of carbon and reducing equivalents during photoheterotrophic growth. This would require a systematic biochemical genetic study employing techniques such as HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry, which are briefly discussed. The review is concerned mainly with Rb. capsulatus and Rb. sphaeroides, since most studies with mutants have been carried out with these organisms. However, where possible, a comparison is made with other species of purple non‐sulphur bacteria and with purple and green sulphur bacteria, and recent literature relevant to these organisms has been cited.

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“…The enzyme is dispensable in aerobically grown cells. The two genes encoding the class III RNR and its activase are located on a 450-kb megaplasmid which contains genes for denitrification (41), hydrogen metabolism (13), and autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation (19). Sequence comparison suggests that the enzyme from A. eutrophus is closer related to class III RNRs from archaebacterial species than to the eubacterial counterparts.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Megaplasmid-Borne Anaerobic Ribonucleotide Reductase in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16

Siedow¹,

Cramm²,

Siddiqui³

et al. 1999

J. Bacteriol.

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The conjugative 450-kb megaplasmid pHG1 is essential for the anaerobic growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 in the presence of nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. We identified two megaplasmid-borne genes (nrdD and nrdG) which are indispensable under these conditions. Sequence alignment identified significant similarity of the 76.2-kDa gene product NrdD and the 30.9-kDa gene product NrdG with anaerobic class III ribonucleotide reductases and their corresponding activases. Deletion ofnrdD and nrdG in A. eutrophusabolished anaerobic growth and led to the formation of nondividing filamentous cells, a typical feature of bacteria whose DNA synthesis is blocked. Enzyme activity of NrdD-like ribonucleotide reductases is dependent on a stable radical at a glycine residue in a conserved C-terminal motif. A mutant of A. eutrophus with a G650A exchange in NrdD showed the DNA-deficient phenotype as the deletion strain, suggesting that G650 forms the glycyl radical. Analysis of transcriptional and translational fusions indicate thatnrdD and nrdG are cotranscribed and that the translation efficiency of nrdD is 40-fold higher than that of nrdG. Thus, the two proteins NrdD and NrdG are not synthesized at a stoichiometric level.

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Denitrification by Alcaligenes eutrophus is plasmid dependent

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Immunological identification and distribution of dissimilatory heme cd1 and nonheme copper nitrite reductases in denitrifying bacteria

Immunological identification and distribution of dissimilatory heme cd1 and nonheme copper nitrite reductases in denitrifying bacteria

Biochemical genetics revisited: the use of mutants to study carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria

A Megaplasmid-Borne Anaerobic Ribonucleotide Reductase in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16

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