Nitrate is accumulated in the groundwater, modified through nitrification/denitrification, and exchanged with coastal/estuarine water bodies. To examine the sources and modifications of nitrate, the concentrations and isotopic composition of nitrate (δ 15 N and δ 18 O NOd 3 ) in the groundwater was monitored at 5 locations along the bank of Godavari estuary and in the estuarine waters for 7 months during wet (August−November) and dry (March−May) periods. Though the concentration of nitrate (NO 3 − ) was higher during the wet than dry periods in both the groundwater and estuary, insignificant seasonal variability was observed in δ 15 N and δ 18 O NOd 3 indicating homogenization through mineralization−immobilization turnover of NO 3 − . The range of δ 15 N to δ 18 O of NO 3 − indicates soil, manure, and septic waste may be the major source of NO 3 − . The mean ratio of δ 15 N/δ 18 O of 1.1 ± 0.3 indicates the occurrence of denitrification in the groundwater. Concentrations δ 15 N NOd 3 and δ 18 O NOd 3 of NO 3 − displayed a significant relation between groundwater and estuarine water suggesting that NO 3 − is possibly denitrified. This study suggests that denitrified NO 3 − (enriched δ 15 N and δ 18 O) reported in the Godavari estuary may be contributed through submarine groundwater discharge than it is hypothesized to flux from the watershed.