Dense Arrays of Highly Aligned Graphene Nanoribbons Produced by Substrate‐Controlled Metal‐Assisted Etching of Graphene

Solís‐Fernández, Pablo; Yoshida, Kunikazu; Ogawa, Yui; Tsuji, Masaharu; Ago, Hiroki

doi:10.1002/adma.201302619

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…This procedure may be compared to previously published approaches that used ordered layers of nanoparticles [36][37] or block copolymers [38][39][40] as nano-masks for selective cutting or patterning of graphene;…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Functionalization of Graphene at the Nanoscale with Self-Assembling Diazonium Salts

et al. 2016

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We describe a fast and versatile method to functionalize high-quality graphene with organic molecules by exploiting the synergistic effect of supramolecular and covalent chemistry. With this goal, we designed and synthesized molecules comprising a long aliphatic chain and an aryl diazonium salt. Thanks to the long chain, these molecules physisorb from solution onto CVD graphene or bulk graphite, self-assembling in an ordered monolayer. The sample is successively transferred into an aqueous electrolyte, to block any reorganization or desorption of the monolayer. An electrochemical impulse is used to transform the diazonium group into a radical capable of grafting covalently to the substrate and transforming the physisorption into a covalent chemisorption. During covalent grafting in water, the molecules retain the ordered packing formed upon self-assembly. Our two-step approach is characterized by the independent control over the processes of immobilization of molecules on the substrate and their covalent tethering, enabling fast (t < 10 s) covalent functionalization of graphene. This strategy is highly versatile and works with many carbon-based materials including graphene deposited on silicon, plastic, and quartz as well as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Functionalization of Graphene at the Nanoscale with Self-Assembling Diazonium Salts

et al. 2016

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“…13 Nanoribbons with armchair edges have a band gap that changes with the width of ribbons, while zigzag edges have magnetically ordered edge states. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Among the top-down etching processes, anisotropic etching is the most fascinating to still a great challenge. 17 Graphene nanoribbons have been obtained by molecular assembly, lithography, "unzipping" of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), plasma etching, metal nanoparticles induced etching process etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of graphene nanoribbons and Y-junctions by hydrogen induced anisotropic etching

et al. 2015

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Metal nanoparticles and H 2 induced etching of graphene are of significant interest to synthesis graphene nanoribbons and various other structures with crystallographically defined edges. Here, we demonstrate a controllable H 2 -induced etching process of graphene crystals to fabricate nanoribbons, and Y-junctions structures with pronounced edges. Individual graphene crystals and a continuous films were grown on Cu foil by solid source chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The etching behavior of the synthesized graphene was investigated by annealing at 1000 0 C in a gas mixture of H 2 and Ar. A highly anisotropic etching creates hexagonal holes, nanoribbons and Y-junction graphene with clear edge structures. The distinct graphene edges of individual ribbon create 120° to form a Y-shape structure. The finding can be significant to fabricate well-defined graphene structures with controlled edges for electronic device applications as well as creating in-plane heterostructures with other two dimensional (2D) materials.obtain graphene with regular, zigzag or armchair edge structures. 26,28 In this prospect, exploring the anisotropic etching behavior of high quality CVD graphene is of great interest to fabricate nanoribbons with distinct edge structure. 29 Creating holes with defined edge structure also provide a platform to fabricate in-plane heterostructure with other 2D materials. Anisotropic etching of graphene basal plane has been explored with metal catalytic nanoparticles in presence of H 2 , selective oxidation, and water vapor at an elevated temperature. [30][31][32][33][34] Recently, anisotropic behavior of H 2 in the formation of graphene domains has been also observed, thereby obtaining pentagonal graphene domains with anisotropic growth and etching process. 35 Highly anisotropy etching of graphene can be achieved owing to significant differences in chemical reactivity of the zigzag and armchair edges. This has open new opportunities to control the structure of high quality exfoliated and CVD graphene in large-area for device integration. Again, fabrication of Y-shaped graphene nanoribbons with well-ordered edges can be significant, which is not yet addressed considerably. Theoretical analysis predicted specific properties of the Y-shaped zigzag graphene nanoribbons structure. [36][37][38][39][40] Formation of Y-shaped graphene nanoribbons by anisotropic etching process will enable to fabricate multi-terminal graphene-based nanoelectronic and spintronic devices. 41,42 However, synthesis of Y-shaped graphene nanoribbons with clear edges is significant area of graphene on Cu foil. Figure 5(b) shows formation of Y-shape graphene ribbons structure with edge etching from different directions. The perfect edges of individual ribbon create 120° to form an Y-shape structure. Previously, significant efforts have been made to synthesis Y-shape CNTs owing to its unique electrical properties. 45 The three-terminal Y-junction nanotubes exhibits the gating behavior, characteristic of transistors. Similarly, Y-junct...

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“…The TM particle propagates the reactive graphene edge further into the graphene sheet and forms a straight trench, as shown in Figure (a) . In this way, dense of highly aligned GNRs has been achieved recently by Ago et al with appropriate metal particles and substrates, as well as the temperature and H 2 concentration (Figure (b) and (c)).…”

Section: Tm‐catalyzed Cuttingmentioning

confidence: 82%

Making graphene nanoribbons: a theoretical exploration

Chen

Wang

2016

WIREs Comput Mol Sci

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Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), thin and long strips of single carbon layer, exhibit very charming electronic and magnetic properties, and show great promising applications in electronics and optoelectronics devices. Therefore, reliable and efficient techniques of making high-quality GNRs have attracted enormous interests in recent years. Numerous methods of making GNRs, including both top-down and bottom-up schemes, have been developed, and among them, metal-catalyzed and oxidative cutting of graphene and/or carbon nanotube as two most promising approaches have been widely used to fabricate GNRs with different widths, edges, and defects. However, precise control of mass production of narrow GNRs with well-defined and smooth edges is still very challenging. To reach this goal, it is essential to well understand the underlying mechanisms of making GNRs in different conditions, such as the force that drives the cutting process, catalyst, and agent-dependent cutting behavior, orientation-selective cutting at the atomic level. Recently, theoretical investigations based on quantum chemical calculations have made great progress in this area.

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Dense Arrays of Highly Aligned Graphene Nanoribbons Produced by Substrate‐Controlled Metal‐Assisted Etching of Graphene

Cited by 35 publications

References 50 publications

Electrochemical Functionalization of Graphene at the Nanoscale with Self-Assembling Diazonium Salts

Electrochemical Functionalization of Graphene at the Nanoscale with Self-Assembling Diazonium Salts

Formation of graphene nanoribbons and Y-junctions by hydrogen induced anisotropic etching

Making graphene nanoribbons: a theoretical exploration

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