Density and Frequency Caudo-Rostral Gradients of Sleep Spindles Recorded in the Human Cortex

Peter‐Derex, Laure; Comte, Jean-Christophe; Mauguı̀ere, François; Salin, P. A.

doi:10.5665/sleep.1588

Cited by 62 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our observed spindle densities are roughly similar to values obtained with other detection algorithms in both EEG Mölle et al 2011) and intracortical (Peter-Derex et al 2012) studies, suggesting that our finding is not an artifact stemming from the spindle algorithm used. Nonetheless, the higher spindle density for SWS that we report is at variance with two other studies that differentiate between light and deep sleep spindle density and do not find such differences Mölle et al 2011).…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Involvement of spindles in memory consolidation is slow wave sleep-specific

Cox

Hofman²,

Talamini³

2012

Learn. Mem.

152

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Both sleep spindles and slow oscillations have been implicated in sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Whereas spindles occur during both light and deep sleep, slow oscillations are restricted to deep sleep, raising the possibility of greater consolidation-related spindle involvement during deep sleep. We assessed declarative memory retention over an interval containing a nap and determined spindle density for light and deep sleep separately. In deep sleep, spindle density was considerably higher and showed a strong and robust positive correlation with retention. This relation was absent for light sleep, suggesting that the potentiating effects of spindles are tied to their co-occurrence with slow oscillations.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 87%

Involvement of spindles in memory consolidation is slow wave sleep-specific

Cox

Hofman²,

Talamini³

2012

Learn. Mem.

152

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, this phenotype was accompanied by a dramatic loss of spectral power in the δ frequency range (1-4 Hz), suggesting that TC cell burst discharge contributes to several sleep rhythms. [45][46][47]. In vivo work in rats and cats also hinted at the existence of two categories of spindles, characterized by distinct average frequency and amplitude: slow events (7-8 Hz) of high amplitude and fast events (primarily 10-20 Hz) of lower amplitude [48,49].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Local spindles can be either slow or fast, have a spatial extent that correlates with their amplitude, and, importantly, occur also in isolation from local slow oscillations. In addition, spindles can also be detected in the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus, and, to a minor extent, in entorhinal cortex and amygdala [45,46].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating sleep spindles – expanding views on sleep, memory, and disease

Astori

Wimmer²,

Lüthi³

2013

Trends in Neurosciences

135

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Sleep spindles are distinctive electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations emerging during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) that have been implicated in multiple brain functions, including sleep quality, sensory gating, learning and memory. Despite considerable knowledge about the mechanisms underlying these neuronal rhythms, their function remains poorly understood and current views are largely based on correlational evidence. Here, we review recent studies in humans and rodents that have begun to broaden our understanding of the role of spindles in the normal and disordered brain. We show that newly identified molecular substrates of spindle oscillations, in combination with evolving technological progress, offer novel targets and tools to selectively manipulate spindles and dissect their role in sleep-dependent processes. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationAstori et al. Highlights Newly recognized ion channel subtypes generating spindle rhythms are described. The contribution of spindles to arousal threshold and sleep quality is discussed. The proposed role of spindles in memory consolidation is examined. A function of thalamic spindles in neural development is suggested. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 4 Previous excellent reviews have thoroughly described cellular and network bases of spindle generation [3,6,7]. Here, we first review recent work on genetic models that has expanded the mechanistic understanding of this EEG rhythm through the modification of novel molecular substrates. We then discuss the current views about the functional aspects of spindles in brain physiology and pathology, as obtained from studies in naturally sleeping animals and humans. We highlight studies indicating that spindles are accessible for selective interventions, and that, with emerging technologies, will open avenues to decipher spindle function. Novel molecular aspects of spindle generationSleep spindles emerge from a limited set of cellular participants: the resonating core of these waxing-and-waning oscillations resides in the nRt-TC loop, which sustains repetitive burst discharges of its cellular components under the control of cortical inputs (Figure 1 Another important factor in the generation and maintenance of reticular intrinsic oscillations is the aforementioned SK2 or Kcnn2 channel. The vigorous Ca 2+ influx in nRt dendrites originating from Ca V 3.3 channels gates SK2 channels, thereby creating a burstafterhyperpolarization (bAHP) [12,19]. As T channels recover partially from inactivation duri...

show abstract

“…Here, we focused on sleep-related learning by taking into account N2 sleep spindles, suggested as a marker for memory consolidation during sleep [10e13]. Spindles are brief bursts of waxing and waning oscillations considered to be the hallmark of N2 sleep, described as slower frontal (10e12 Hz) and faster posterior (12e14 Hz) spindles, in both healthy and epileptic subjects [15,56], generated independently, although synchronously, in diverse cortical areas [15e17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%