Density and Size Dependent Uptake of Various PAC in Organisms of a Model Food Chain

Skadsheim, Arnfinn; Baussant, Thierry; Bechmann, Renée Katrin; Bj⊘rnstad, A.; Gaudebert, B.; Labes-Carrier, C.; Jensen, Ida‐Johanne; Jonsson, Grete

doi:10.1080/10406630008028143

“…However, there was a large discrepancy for PAH molecules with log K ow > 4 in fish. Skadsheim et al [25] reported that, as body size and organism structural complexity increased from unicellular algae via crustaceans to fish, where all were subjected to the same exposure, there was a concurrent change in the PAH profile in the body toward an increasing dominance of smaller molecular PAHs in the larger organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, on exposure to oil dispersions, relatively larger molecular PAHs are taken up as the density of unicellular algae is decreased. Moreover, as organism size increases (unicellular algae, crustacean Artemia nauplii, small fish), relatively smaller molecular PAHs constitute the body burden [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dissolution rate of the various PAH molecular forms from oil droplets to the surrounding seawater is difficult to assess and is, to date, poorly described. However, the water‐dissolved state seems in turn to determine the rate at which these organic molecules are bioaccumulated in the body tissues of marine organisms exposed to oil particles [25,30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic compounds: 2. Modeling bioaccumulation in marine organisms chronically exposed to dispersed oil

Baussant

¹

,

Sanni

²

,

Skadsheim

³

et al. 2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Within the frame of a large environmental study, we report on a research program that investigated the potential for bioaccumulation and subsequent effect responses in several marine organisms exposed to chronic levels of dispersed crude oil. Body burden can be estimated from kinetic parameters (rate constants for uptake and elimination), and appropriate body burden-effect relationships may improve assessments of environmental risks or the potential for such outcomes following chronic discharges at sea. We conducted a series of experiments in a flow-through system to describe the bioaccumulation kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at low concentrations of dispersed crude oils. Mussels (Mytilus edulis) and juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were exposed for periods ranging from 8 to 21 d. Postexposure, the organisms were kept for a period of 9 to 10 d in running seawater to study elimination processes. Rate constants of uptake (k1) and elimination (k2) of the PAHs during and following exposure were calculated using a first-order kinetic model that assumed a decrease of the substances in the environment over time. The estimated bioconcentration factor was calculated from the ratio of k1/k2. The kinetic parameters of two-, three-, and four-ring PAHs in mussel and fish are compared with estimates based on hydrophobicity alone, expressed by the octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow (partitioning theory). A combination of reduced bioavailability of PAHs from oil droplets and degradation processes of PAHs in body tissues seems to explain discrepancies between kinetic rates based on Kow and actual kinetic rates measured in fish. Mussels showed a pattern more in compliance with the partitioning theory.

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“…The dissolution rate of the various PAH molecular forms from oil droplets to the surrounding seawater is difficult to assess and is, to date, poorly described. However, the waterdissolved state seems in turn to determine the rate at which these organic molecules are bioaccumulated in the body tissues of marine organisms exposed to oil particles [25,30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of models and data on hydrocarbon release rates from oil dispersions constitutes a challenge to environmental impact assessment of such discharges. Existing approaches rely on poorly controllable preparations of water-accommodated fractions of oil or on the use of dissolution from oil films, the water-soluble fraction approach [25]. Exposures with well-characterized dispersions containing oil droplet sizes typical of produced water discharges provide the most realistic simulation of such uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds: 2. Modeling Bioaccumulation in Marine Organisms Chronically Exposed to Dispersed Oil

Baussant¹,

Sanni²,

Skadsheim³

et al. 2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Within the frame of a large environmental study, we report on a research program that investigated the potential for bioaccumulation and subsequent effect responses in several marine organisms exposed to chronic levels of dispersed crude oil. Body burden can be estimated from kinetic parameters (rate constants for uptake and elimination), and appropriate body burden-effect relationships may improve assessments of environmental risks or the potential for such outcomes following chronic discharges at sea. We conducted a series of experiments in a flow-through system to describe the bioaccumulation kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at low concentrations of dispersed crude oils. Mussels (Mytilus edulis) and juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were exposed for periods ranging from 8 to 21 d. Postexposure, the organisms were kept for a period of 9 to 10 d in running seawater to study elimination processes. Rate constants of uptake (k1) and elimination (k2) of the PAHs during and following exposure were calculated using a first-order kinetic model that assumed a decrease of the substances in the environment over time. The estimated bioconcentration factor was calculated from the ratio of k1/k2. The kinetic parameters of two-, three-, and four-ring PAHs in mussel and fish are compared with estimates based on hydrophobicity alone, expressed by the octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow (partitioning theory). A combination of reduced bioavailability of PAHs from oil droplets and degradation processes of PAHs in body tissues seems to explain discrepancies between kinetic rates based on Kow and actual kinetic rates measured in fish. Mussels showed a pattern more in compliance with the partitioning theory.

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