Density of Low-Temperature KF-AlF3 Aluminum Baths with Al2O3 and AlPO4 Additives

Vasková, Zuzana; Kontrík, Martin; Mlynáriková, Jarmila; Boča, Miroslav

doi:10.1007/s11663-014-0218-5

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Numerically, the described effects can be analyzed from the diffusion coefficients (Table IV) of the electroactive ions (D) to the W electrode, estimated for the diffusion-controlled process by the Randles-Sevcik equation: 25,26 j pc = −0.4463(z F) = 96487 C mol −1 ; j pc -cathode peak current density, A cm −2 ; C -concentration of the electroactive ions, mol cm −3 ; ν -potential sweep rate, V s −1 ; D -diffusion coefficient of the electroactive ions, cm 2 s −1 . Concentration C was calculated using the data both on the Al 2 O 3 solubility in the KF-AlF 3 -Al 2 O 3 melts [18][19][20] and the melt densities 27,28 by equation C = ρϕ/M Al 2 O 3 (ρ -melt density, g cm −3 , ϕ -solubility of…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode Process at the Electrolysis of KF-AlF₃-Al₂O₃Melts and Suspensions

Nikolaev

Suzdaltsev

Polyakov

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The kinetics of the cathode process on tungsten in KF-AlF 3-Al 2 O 3 melts and suspensions was studied by means of voltammetry and galvanostatic polarization. The effects of the temperature, [KF]/[AlF 3 ] ratio, Al 2 O 3 content on the kinetic parameters of electrowinning of aluminum from the KF-AlF 3-Al 2 O 3 melts and suspensions were determined. Introducing Al 2 O 3 slurry into the suspension and increasing its proportion make the diffusion of the electroactive ions to the cathode more difficult. The parameters for the suspension electrolysis were chosen on the basis of electrochemical measurements. The possibility of aluminum production during the electrolysis of KF-AlF 3-Al 2 O 3 suspension with 45 wt% Al 2 O 3 in the solid phase was demonstrated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode Process at the Electrolysis of KF-AlF₃-Al₂O₃Melts and Suspensions

Nikolaev

Suzdaltsev

Polyakov

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The dependence of molar volume on composition in binary systems of molten salts is usually monotonic, for example, ,,− but occasionally the presence of local minima can occur (in the cross sections of multicomponent systems the situation can be even more complicated) . This is the case for the investigated systems in this work.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties of the (LiF + CaF₂)_eut + LaF₃ System: Phase Equilibria, Volume Properties, Electrical Conductivity, and Surface Tension

et al. 2016

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The physicochemical behavior of the molten system (LiF (1) + CaF 2 (2)) eut + LaF 3 (3) has been studied and the phase equilibria, density and volume properties, electrical conductivity, and surface tension have been selected for investigation. Well-established methods for determination of these physicochemical properties of molten salts have been used, such as thermal analysis, the Archimedean method of hydrostatic weighing, and the phase shift and maximum bubble pressure methods. A significant change in all investigated properties was detected in the region of x 3 = 0.04−0.06. In regard to phase equilibria, this region is close to and may contain the eutectic point; in volumetric properties, the initial volume contraction (on increasing mol %) starts to reverse. A sharp change of electrical conductivity reflects the changes in ionic composition, and surface tension also shows different behavior below and above this region.

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“…It was determined that by increasing LiF content, the electrical conductivity of the increases and by increasing alumina content, the electrical conductivity the relation between the conductivity, the temperature and ectrolyte composition at CR=1. Liquidus temperatures of (KF − AlF − AlPO system at different cryolite ratios with increasing AlPO content [49] The density of the system also decreased with an increase in the AlPO R. The density of the system almost remains the same at CR content similar to the NaF − AlF − AlPO system that nductivity of the melts increases with the increase of NaF content. ity was calculated by varying the alumina content and changing CR °C interval and the findings show that with an ductivity decreases and with an increase in CR, the AlF system containing increasing LiF content, the electrical conductivity of the the electrical conductivity slightly temperature and the content of (13) =680-800°C.…”

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confidence: 86%

“…The cathode has a limiting current density of 0.3 A/cm resulting in the low was observed that the solubility of Al S strictly depends on the amount of solubility of aluminum sulphur increases with the increase in the melt and can be seen in Figure 5. C, at various CR [49] , the desire to use low temperature electrolytes have made researchers to do extensive research towards chloride melts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrolytes and its additives used in aluminum reduction cell: a review

Padamata

Yasinskiy

Polyakov

2019

Metall. Res. Technol.

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The electrolyte is considered to play the role of blood in an aluminum reduction cell and performs several vital functions as the charge transfer, the mass dissolution and transfer, the electrode products separation and the electrical work dissipation. The proper performance of listed functions is completely determined by the physical and chemical properties, which namely are the electrical conductivity, the viscosity, the vapor pressure, the liquidus and solidus temperatures, the density, the surface tension, the solubility and the dissolution rate of oxides, aluminum, carbon and the various connections and by operating conditions, which namely are the temperature, the current density, the anode-cathode distance, etc. The electrolyte affects the current efficiency and the cell voltage, which determines the specific energy consumption and the total cost of aluminum. This is the reason why different electrolytes and additives have been in the spotlight of the researchers and the enterprises for decades. This article presents the brief information about the influence of additives in the cell utilizing traditionally used sodium cryolite and different low-temperature electrolytes on physical-chemical properties and concentrates on the latest works which have not been included in widely known textbooks. The article also contains new experimental results obtained by the authors and devoted to the effective electrical conductivity of suspended unconventional electrolytes.

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Density of Low-Temperature KF-AlF3 Aluminum Baths with Al2O3 and AlPO4 Additives

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Cathode Process at the Electrolysis of KF-AlF₃-Al₂O₃Melts and Suspensions

Cathode Process at the Electrolysis of KF-AlF₃-Al₂O₃Melts and Suspensions

Physicochemical Properties of the (LiF + CaF₂)_eut + LaF₃ System: Phase Equilibria, Volume Properties, Electrical Conductivity, and Surface Tension

Electrolytes and its additives used in aluminum reduction cell: a review

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Density of Low-Temperature KF-AlF3 Aluminum Baths with Al2O3 and AlPO4 Additives

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Cathode Process at the Electrolysis of KF-AlF3-Al2O3Melts and Suspensions

Cathode Process at the Electrolysis of KF-AlF3-Al2O3Melts and Suspensions

Physicochemical Properties of the (LiF + CaF2)eut + LaF3 System: Phase Equilibria, Volume Properties, Electrical Conductivity, and Surface Tension

Electrolytes and its additives used in aluminum reduction cell: a review

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Cathode Process at the Electrolysis of KF-AlF₃-Al₂O₃Melts and Suspensions

Cathode Process at the Electrolysis of KF-AlF₃-Al₂O₃Melts and Suspensions

Physicochemical Properties of the (LiF + CaF₂)_eut + LaF₃ System: Phase Equilibria, Volume Properties, Electrical Conductivity, and Surface Tension