Density relaxation in a vibrated granular material

Knight, James B.; Fandrich, Christopher G.; Lau, Chun Ning; Jaeger, Heinrich M.; Nagel, Sidney R.

doi:10.1103/physreve.51.3957

Cited by 545 publications

(678 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Recent investigations on granular compaction have used the dimensionless maximum acceleration Γ = α max /g to characterize the strength of tapping and/or vibration applied to a granular pack, where α max is the maximum acceleration and g = 9.8 m/s 2 is the gravitational acceleration. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Most previous studies have used steady vibration to cause granular compaction. The final state attained by steady vibration is solely determined by Γ value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3,6,10,11 The most efficient compaction is induced at a value of Γ ≃ 2. 2,3,7 When Γ is too small, the compaction takes long and grows logarithmically with time. When Γ is too large, on the other hand, it is difficult to attain the highly compacted state as a large amount of kinetic energy is delivered to the granular pack in such a strong vibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Evolution of a Granular Pack under Manual Tapping

Iikawa

Bandi²,

Katsuragi

2015

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

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We experimentally study a two-dimensional (2D) granular pack of photoelastic disks subject to vertical manual tapping. Using bright and dark field images, we employ gradient-based image analysis methods to analyse various structural quantities. These include the packing fraction (φ), force per disk (F d ) and force chain segment length (l) as a function of the tapping number (τ). The increase in packing fraction with tapping number is found to exponentially approach an asymptotic value. An exponential distribution is observed for both the cumulative numbers of force per disk, and force chain segment length l : N cum (l) = A l exp(− l l 0 ). Whereas the coefficient A F varies with τ for force per disk, the force chain segment length shows no dependence on τ. The τ dependence of F d and φ allows us to posit a linear relation between the total force of the granular pack (F * tot (τ)) and φ(τ).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Evolution of a Granular Pack under Manual Tapping

Iikawa

Bandi²,

Katsuragi

2015

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

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“…In general, the steady-state density increased monotonically with increasing Γ. In Fig 1, the time dependence of the packing fraction, ρ(t), is shown for a representative vibration intensity [8]. Shown also is a four-parameter fit…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A granular assembly provides us with a practically uniform system where upon vibration, the well-defined bulk density evolves from a loosely packed mechanically stable initial state into a denser final state (see ref [8] and references therein). The system exhibits no convection, spatial patterns, or oscillatory behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Slow relaxation in granular compaction

Ben‐Naim

Knight

Nowak

et al. 1998

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena

113

109

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Experimental studies show that the density of a vibrated granular material evolves from a low density initial state into a higher density final steady state. The relaxation towards the final density value follows an inverse logarithmic law. We propose a simple stochastic adsorption-desorption process which captures the essential mechanism underlying this remarkably slow relaxation. As the system approaches its final state, a growing number of beads have to be rearranged to enable a local density increase. In one dimension, this number grows as N = ρ/(1 − ρ), and the density increase rate is drastically reduced by a factor e −N . Consequently, a logarithmically slow approach to the final state is found ρ∞ − ρ(t) ∼ = 1/ ln t.

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Dynamic friction in sheared fault gouge: Implications of acoustic vibration on triggering and slow slip

2016

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Friction and deformation in granular fault gouge are among various dynamic interactions associated with seismic phenomena that have important implications for slip mechanisms on earthquake faults. To this end, we propose a mechanistic model of granular fault gouge subject to acoustic vibrations and shear deformation. The grain‐scale dynamics is described by the Shear‐Transformation‐Zone theory of granular flow, which accounts for irreversible plastic deformation in terms of flow defects whose density is governed by an effective temperature. Our model accounts for stick‐slip instabilities observed at seismic slip rates. In addition, as the vibration intensity increases, we observe an increase in the temporal advancement of large slip events, followed by a plateau and gradual decrease. Furthermore, slip becomes progressively slower upon increasing the vibration intensity. The results shed important light on the physical mechanisms of earthquake triggering and slow slip and provide essential elements for the multiscale modeling of earthquake ruptures. In particular, the results suggest that slow slip may be triggered by tremors.

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Density relaxation in a vibrated granular material

Cited by 545 publications

References 24 publications

Structural Evolution of a Granular Pack under Manual Tapping

Structural Evolution of a Granular Pack under Manual Tapping

Slow relaxation in granular compaction

Dynamic friction in sheared fault gouge: Implications of acoustic vibration on triggering and slow slip

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