Dental age estimation in the living after completion of third molar mineralization: new data for Gustafson’s criteria

Abstract

There is a need for dental age estimation methods after completion of the third molar mineralization. Degenerative dental characteristics appear to be suitable for forensic age diagnostics beyond the 18th year of life. In 2012, Olze et al. investigated the criteria studied by Gustafson using orthopantomograms. The objective of this study was to prove the applicability and reliability of this method with a large cohort and a wide age range, including older individuals. For this purpose, 2346 orthopantomograms of 1167 female and 1179 male Germans aged 15 to 70 years were reviewed. The characteristics of secondary dentin formation, cementum apposition, periodontal recession and attrition were evaluated in all the mandibular premolars. The correlation of the individual characteristics with the chronological age was examined by means of a stepwise multiple regression analysis, in which the chronological age formed the dependent variable. Following those results, R values amounted to 0.73 to 0.8; the standard error of estimate was 6.8 to 8.2 years. Fundamentally, the recommendation for conducting age estimations in the living by these methods can be shared. The values for the quality of the regression are, however, not precise enough for a reliable age estimation around regular retirement date ages. More precise regression formulae for the age group of 15 to 40 years of life are separately presented in this study. Further research should investigate the influence of ethnicity, dietary habits and modern health care on the degenerative characteristics in question.

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“…A variance inflation factor (VIF) was used to determine the factors that were collinear and should be removed before subsequent analyses ( Kutner, Nachtsheim & Neter, 2004 ). As a rule of thumb, a VIF value above 4 was considered to represent problematic multicollinearity ( Kabacoff, 2010 ; Timme et al, 2017 ). Therefore, we removed one of the two tested factors if the VIF was greater than 4.…”

Evaluation of secondary dentin formation for forensic age assessment by means of semi-automatic segmented ultrahigh field 9.4 T UTE MRI datasets

“…In forensic age estimation, the grade of development of various skeletal and dental features is determined and compared with reference values [1]. Once tooth development is complete, only degenerative dental characteristics can be used for age assessment [2][3][4][5][6]. One such feature has long been known to be the reduction of the dental pulp due to secondary dentine formation [3,[7][8][9][10].…”

Investigation of the Relationship Between the Pulp Area and Chronological Age in Patients that Received and Not Received Orthodontic Treatment

“…In many studies, age estimation was performed on different tooth groups. It has been reported that the complex anatomy of molar teeth may cause difficulties in determining the boundaries of the pulp area and may cause inconsistencies in the measurements (11). Similarly, because of the small pulp volume of the lower incisors and variations in the root canal anatomy, it has been reported that the pulp area can be measured incorrectly using the 2D radiographs (10).…”

“…In the literature, it has been reported that parameters of the teeth such as translucency, root resorption, secondary dentin accumulation, dentin rings, cement apposition, retzius lines, and amino acid reamination can be used in age determination (1,2,6,(8)(9)(10). Using these parameters of dental structures, it has been reported that the age determination is accurately calculated in many methods such as Gustafson's parameters, Johanson's classification, methods based on dental nuclear tests and Demirjian technique (11)(12)(13). Secondary dentin accumulation, which is one of these parameters, is a progressive process with age and, is therefore, a dental structure that is frequently used in determining age (8,14).…”