Dental and oral health status of an Iranian population of drug abusers: A comparative study

Oral Manifestation Related to Drug Abuse : A Systematic Review

“…The characteristics of included studies were recorded on table 1. The most frequent psychotropic drugs used were methamphetamine (MA) (50%) 12,13,14,18,19,20,21,26,27 , cocaine (44%) 12,17,18,22,23,25,26,28 , heroin (38%) 12,14,15,16,17,18,27 , cannabis (38%) 11,12,17,18,22,27 , opium (11%) 24,27 . 6 studies were using polydrug abusers as samples.…”

“…Study qualitative Of the 18 reviewed papers, 8 studies were Q1 11,13,14,20,22,22,27 , 6 were Q2 15,17,19,23,25,26 , and 4 were Q3. 16,18,24,28 According to Sco-pus index, all of the included studies were considered as high quality.…”

“…5 Our review found that in descending prevalence of this drug type were: MA, cannabis, heroin, cocaine, and opium, while six studies reported using polydrug use. 12,14,17,18,22,28 Polydrug use proved to be closely associated with higher levels of dependence and with the risk of overdose. 29 In terms of routes of administration, our study revealed that in descending frequency of the most patterns of use were: smoking, inhalation, injection, and oral route.…”

Substance Abuse and Oral Health of Adolescence

“…Meth mouth is an irreversible loss of tooth structure that causes loss of teeth, xerostomia, bruxism, and other oral complications that are clinical features of the prolonged use of the substance methamphetamine. 8 The consequence of the long-term use of methamphetamine on oral and dental health is the development of tooth decay, in which the teeth of the substance abuser appears to be dark and in the process of decaying. The oral and dental health problems accompanied by hallucinogenic drug abuse include xerostomia, poor oral hygiene, bad taste in mouth, extensive caries particularly in the buccal surface and inter-proximal surfaces, contraction and tenderness of masticator muscles leading to bruxism and dental erosions, periodontal diseases and temporomandibular joint disorders.…”

The profile of Oral Health Branch of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (OHBRCS) in Rafsanjan City, southeast of Iran

“…Oral health problems are still counted as a crucial public health issue despite being preventable. Oral health status can be affected by some factors including; drug abuse, opioids, smoking alcohol ( Kalbassi et al, 2018 ) and environmental pollutants such as pesticides and heavy metals ( Shiue, 2015 ) and systemic conditions such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes ( Chomkhakhai et al, 2009 ). Almost 3.5 billion people of all ages throughout the world are affected by oral diseases ( Kassebaum et al, 2017 ).…”