ABSTRAKCandida. albicans (C.albicans) merupakan agen penyebab primer pada oral candidiasis. Candida spp merupakan mikroorganisme komensal atau  ora normal dalam mulut dengan tanpa menimbulkan gejala. Candida spp dapat menjadi patogen saat kondisi daya tahan tubuh menurun terutama dalam kondisi penyakit autoimun yang diberikan terapi steroid karena steroid bersifat menurunkan sistem imun atau terapi obat-obatan secara sistemik dalam jangka waktu lama. Penelitian oral candidiasis di Indonesia masih belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pro l oral candidiasis pada pasien-pasien yang ditangani di Bagian Penyakit Mulut di Rumah Sakit dr. Hasan Sadikin (RSHS), Bandung, Indonesia periode tahun 2010 -2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama periode 2010 hingga 2014 sebanyak 49 orang pasien yang datang ke klinik ilmu penyakit mulut ditemukan oral candidiasis. Prevalensi terbanyak adalah pria sebesar 34 orang (69,3%) dan wanita 15 orang (30,7%), dengan faktor predisposisi terbanyak adalah keterlibatan penyakit sistemik sebesar 40,2%. Lokasi paling sering ditemukan lesi plak pseudomembran putih dan terdapat di daerah dorsal lidah. Pro l kandidiasis pada pasien yang berkunjung ke klinik ilmu penyakit mulut RSHS secara garis besar umumnya disebabkan oleh kondisi sistemik, penyakit autoimun dan kebersihan rongga mulut yang buruk sedangkan untuk terapi kandidiasis, penggunaan nystatin masih efektif untuk digunakan mengobati kandidiasis. RSHS Bandung, Indonesia at 2010 -2014

Oral Leukoplakia (OL) is white plaque lesion in oral mucosa thatcannot be scraped and one of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder(OPMD) with incidence about 2.5% of all populations in the world.The most case of oral squamous cell carcinoma are preceded byOPMD. The aim of this case report is to understand the importance ofdetection oral lesion that could potentially become malignancy. A 28-year-old male patient complained of sores on his tongue that had nothealed for 2 months. Intraoral examination obtained red and whitelesion on the left lateral tongue: shallow reddish ulcer with irregularborder in region 35-36, followed by unscrapable white plaque lesionwith slight induration in region 37-38. Hematological examinationshowed normal range. According anamnesis and clinical examination,diagnosis of traumatic ulcer and OL were made. Patients were treatedwith multivitamins and antiseptic mouthwash. Histopathologicalexamination results from lesion biopsies show a hyperplastic mass,parakeratosis and a tissue with polymorphic form, a hyperchromaticnucleus of cells associated with histopathologic criteria of squamouscell carcinomas with well differentiation. The patient was referred tothe Hemato-oncology Department for chemotherapy. There are twoimportant parameters should be considered when evaluating thepotential for malignant change of OL that is when finding white lesionswith or without red lesions should always be suspected as OPMD andalways confirm it by histopathological examination as early aspossible. Accurate examination and histopathologic examination isessential to obtain a good prognosis in OPMD.

Introduction: Treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance sometimes cause the oral mucosa lesion, known as a traumatic ulcer. The purpose of this research is to see the distribution of traumatic ulcer on the patient with a fixed orthodontic appliance in PPDGS Orthodontic RSGM FKG Unpad Clinic. Methods: This research used a descriptive observational method. The sample of this research consisted of 39 people who participate in the interview and willing to be examined the condition of their oral mucosa during the study. Results: Twenty three samples or about 59% from all the sample have a traumatic ulcer on the oral mucosa. Conclusion: Most of the patient with a fixed orthodontic appliance has a traumatic ulcer, which mostly located on the buccal mucosa, followed by labial mucosa, and gingiva.

Background: Valvular heart disease is a heart valve disorder that needs complex multiple medications by administering certain drugs that cannot be replaced with other drugs because of different mechanisms of action. Beta-blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors are drugs of choice for valvular heart disease, with diuretics and antipsychotics can cause xerostomia. Valvular heart disease patient who has a severe infection or sepsis needs long-term antibiotic treatment. Xerostomia and long-term antibiotic treatment are predisposing factors for oral candidiasis. Objective:  to discuss oral candidiasis and severe xerostomia because of multiple medications in valvular heart disease patients. Case: A 58-year-old male was referred from Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department with a chief complaint of sore tongue and pain at swallowing since 3 days ago with dry sensation of the mouth. Extraoral examination revealed dry and exfoliative lips, intraoral examination revealed fissured and lobulated tongue and white plaques could be scraped off leaving erythematous area oropharynx and tongue. The diagnoses were oropharyngeal candidiasis and severe xerostomia score of 8 according to the Chalacombe scale. Case Management: Patient was treated with nystatin, chlorine dioxide, 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash, and vaseline album. Oral candidiasis was disappeared on the 22nd day of treatment. Conclusion:  Xerostomia and oral candidiasis in patients with valvular heart disease require appropriate therapy, more intensive monitoring by considering the patient's general condition, and interprofessional team collaboration in the therapy of the main disease. Keywords: Oral candidiasis, Valvular heart disease, Xerostomia

Introduction: Inhalation therapy has become the first-line treatment for bronchial asthma patients. Studies have proved that not all of the inhaled drugs reach the target organ, but mostly are deposited in the mouth and cause local immunosuppressant and decrease saliva secretion. These conditions are closely linked to some adverse effects in the mouth. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical appearance of oral lesion in bronchial asthma patients using inhalation drugs. Methods: This study was descriptive and conducted on 30 bronchial asthma patients that have been using inhalation drug for at least one year, free of other systemic diseases, not using denture and orthodontic appliances. Oral mucosa was examined, and any oral lesion was recorded. Results: The most number of oral lesions found in patients through clinical examinations were plaque (73.3%), followed by a fissure (36.7%), atrophy (30%), and the least oral lesions found were pigmentation (3.3%), bullae (3.3%), and petechiae (3.3%). The lesions found in patients using inhalation drugs in a range of up to 10 years were found more varyingly. Conclusion: Plaque, fissure, atrophy, pigmentation, bullae, and petechiae are oral lesions that are clinically found in bronchial asthma patients using inhalation drugs.