Every human being experiences growth and development, starting from childhood to adulthood. Women who have entered puberty will experience monthly menstrual cycle. One phase of the menstrual cycle is ovulation or the fertile phase in a woman. The fertile period is the period in which there is an egg ready to be fertilized by sperm. At the time of fertility, there is an increase in amount of estrogen and progesterone hormones. Increase in these hormones is also found in saliva. Saliva as a biological fluid in the body can be used as a diagnostic fluid. Woman's fertile period can be assessed from the saliva. Saliva containing high estrogen hormones can form a ferning picture on saliva dried on object glass. The type of research is the study of literature. Literature study was conducted to discuss the determining of the fertile woman with saliva ferning test. The results of previous studies showed the existence of differences in saliva pictures at the time of the fertile period and the infertile period. Salivary ferning was very clearly seen in the woman's fertile period.

Menopause women can experience decrease in saliva secretion (decrease). To understand the clear picture about saliva secretion, the volume, flow rate, pH and viscosity were then measured. The aim of this research was to obtain a picture about the difference of saliva secretion before and after rinsing with baking soda on menopause women. The type of the research used was a laboratory quasi experiment with comparative descriptive form. The technique used in this research is the survey method, and samples were taken using the multistage cluster random sampling method, and t-student statistical analysis. This research was conducted with the saliva collected with spitting method on 45 menopause women. The results show that the average volume, flow rate, pH and viscosity before rinsing with baking soda was 1.79 ml, 0.18 ml/minute, 7.40 and 0.81 mm 2 /second. The average volume, flow rate, pH and viscosity after rinsing with baking soda were 2.66 ml; 0.27 ml/minute; 8.67 and 0.78 mm 2 /second. Statistical analysis tstudent on α = 0.05 shows volume changes, flow rate, pH and saliva viscosity before and after rinsing with baking soda was 0.873; 0.086; 1.273 and 0.037 respectively. The conclusion shows a significant difference between saliva secretion before and after rinsing with baking soda, and saliva secretion after rinsing with baking soda on menopause women.

Introduction: Inhalation therapy has become the first-line treatment for bronchial asthma patients. Studies have proved that not all of the inhaled drugs reach the target organ, but mostly are deposited in the mouth and cause local immunosuppressant and decrease saliva secretion. These conditions are closely linked to some adverse effects in the mouth. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical appearance of oral lesion in bronchial asthma patients using inhalation drugs. Methods: This study was descriptive and conducted on 30 bronchial asthma patients that have been using inhalation drug for at least one year, free of other systemic diseases, not using denture and orthodontic appliances. Oral mucosa was examined, and any oral lesion was recorded. Results: The most number of oral lesions found in patients through clinical examinations were plaque (73.3%), followed by a fissure (36.7%), atrophy (30%), and the least oral lesions found were pigmentation (3.3%), bullae (3.3%), and petechiae (3.3%). The lesions found in patients using inhalation drugs in a range of up to 10 years were found more varyingly. Conclusion: Plaque, fissure, atrophy, pigmentation, bullae, and petechiae are oral lesions that are clinically found in bronchial asthma patients using inhalation drugs.

Rongga mulut terdiri dari jaringan lunak maupun jaringan keras, serta merupakan anggota tubuh yang penting untuk dijaga seperti anggota tubuh lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan gigi dan mulut siswa SDK Yahya.Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data penelitian diambil dari formulir kesehatan gigi dan mulut siswa SDK Yahya dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil: Sebagian besar siswa mempunyai gingiva, mukosa bukal, mukosa labial, frenulum, lidah, dan saliva yang normal serta seluruh siswa mempunyai palatum keras dan lunak yang normal. Persentase karies, tambalan dan gigi yang hilang pada siswa tergolong kecil dan nilai oral higyenenya nilai yang kecil. Keadaan ini menunjukkan bahwa umumnya siswa mempunyai kesehatan jaringan lunak dan keras yang baik serta keadaan oral hygiene yang baik. Simpulan: Kondisi kesehatan gigi dan mulut siswa SDK Yahya mayoritas tergolong dalam kondisi normal dengan oral hygiene dalam kondisi baik. Kata kunci: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut, siswa SD Oral health conditions of the Yahya Christian Elementary School students ABSTRACT Introduction: The oral cavity consists of both hard and soft tissues that are vital to be maintain like the other part of the body. Improving knowledge and behavior which was given since school age could overcome the incidence of oral health problems. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan gigi dan mulut siswa SDK Yahya. Methods: This was a descriptive study using oral health form of both hard and soft tissues of students from Yahya Christian Elementary School. Results: This study revealed that most students had normal gingiva, buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, frenulum, tongue and saliva, and also normal palatum durum and molle. The percentage of cavities, fillings and tooth-loss on the students was considered as small. Such findings demonstrated that in general, the students had decent integrity of both soft and hard oral tissues. Conclusion: Oral health conditions of the Yahya Christian Elementary School students were generally observed in the normal state, with a good oral hygiene.

Saliva merupakan cairan mulut yang terdiri atas komponen organik dan anorganik dan berperan penting dalam lingkungan rongga mulut. Kehamilan dapat mempengaruhi saliva, salah satunya berpengaruh pada pH saliva. Wanita hamil biasanya mengeluhkan mulut terasa asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pH saliva antara wanita hamil dan tidak hamil di Puskesmas Jatinangor. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasi dengan desain analitik. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 30 wanita hamil dan 30 wanita tidak hamil yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling yang berada di Puskesmas Jatinangor. Unstimulated saliva dikumpulkan untuk menentukan nilai pH saliva. Data dianalisis dengan independent two sample t-test dengan α = 0,05. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (p<0,01). pH saliva wanita hamil lebih rendah daripada pH saliva wanita tidak hamil dengan rata-rata pH saliva wanita hamil 6,519 dan rata-rata pH saliva wanita tidak hamil 7,192. Penurunan pH saliva terjadi karena peningkatan kadar hormon progesteron yang menyebabkan penurunan konsentrasi ion bikarbonat (HCO 3-), dan peningkatan enzim amilase, serta seringnya wanita hamil mengonsumsi makanan manis dan/atau asam. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan pH saliva antara wanita hamil dan tidak hamil, dimana pH saliva wanita hamil lebih rendah daripada pH saliva wanita tidak hamil.