“…LEH acts as an indicator of adaptive plasticity and physiological constraint, because it reflects an interim period when energetic resources are diverted from enamel production to maintain vital developmental processes that have short‐term survival benefits but potential long‐term consequences (Temple, 2019). In living populations, LEH is prevalent in underdeveloped countries, famine populations, and rural communities (Chaves, Rosenblatt, & Oliveira, 2007; Goodman & Rose, 1991; Kanchanakamoll et al, 1996; Nikiforuk & Fraser, 1981; Oliveira, Chaves, & Rosenblatt, 2006; Rugg‐Gunn, Al‐Mohammadi, & Butler, 1998; Sweeney, Cabrera, Urrutia, & Mata, 1969; Zhou & Corruccini, 1998), and enamel defects in infancy are associated with malnutrition and adverse health outcomes in adolescence (Goodman & Rose, 1991; Masterson et al, 2017; Masterson et al, 2018). Generally, increases in LEH prevalence in the past correlate with major dietary, settlement, and behavioral shifts (eg, the agricultural transition, European colonization) (Cook, 1984; Goodman, Armelagos, & Rose, 1984; Larsen, 1994; Larsen et al, 2001; Littleton, 2005; Santos & Coimbra Jr., 1999; Ubelaker, 1984; Wright, 1990).…”