Dental Fluorosis in 12‐ and 15‐Year‐Olds at High Altitudes in Above‐Optimal Fluoridated Communities in Mexico

Abstract

At least 8 out of 10 adolescents had some level of fluorosis, and such prevalence is considered to be a dental public health problem. A relationship between fluoride concentration in water in each community and fluorosis was observed. The high fluorosis prevalence and severity might possibly be associated with the high altitude of the communities.

Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico 2005-2015: a literature review

“…13 In Brazil, similar tendencies exist, showing an increase of 230% from 2003 to 2010. 32 Prevalence in zones where fluoride in water was optimal or below (<1.5ppmF) ranges between 15.5 to 89.8%, the highest (>80%) were reported in Hidalgo, 29 Oaxaca 27 and Morelos. 22 In these two last states mentioned fluoridated salt distribution is allowed, 33 this should be revised and adjustments performed to avoid an extra source of fluoride in these populations.…”

“…Moderate and severe DF was associated with soft drink consumption (table II). 29 reported an overall fluorosis prevalence of 83.8% in three communities in the State of Hidalgo, located >2 000m amsl. Prevalence found in each community was 89.8 (1.38 ppmF), 81.9 (1.42 ppmF) and 94.7 (3.07 ppmF).…”

“…40 DF cannot be attributed to water fluoride content only, even if it is a major risk factor, but to a confluence of different risk factors 19 such as consuming boiled water, living at a high altitude, 29 having malnutrition, specially low calcium consumption, 27 also the age children started brushing with toothpaste at (especially before two years of age), 17 type of water used for drinking or cooking,…”

Fluorosis and Dental Caries in Mexican Schoolchildren Residing in Areas with Different Water Fluoride Concentrations and Receiving Fluoridated Salt

“…Several Mexican communities have reported that fluoride concentrations in drinking water are higher than optimal [Pontigo-Loyola et al, 2008], and, therefore, five states of the country [NOM, 1995] are excluded from the salt fluoridation program. The state studied herein, Morelos, is not among these five states, so its population receives fluoridated and iodized salt.…”

Strategies and Stakeholders: Minority Recruitment in Cancer Genetics Research

“…Many strategies for establishing respectful collaborations are rooted in community-based participatory research practices including development of community-representative boards to highlight issues of concern regarding the project, and employment of a facilitator to ensure productive communication between community and research partners. The consultation element is especially crucial when groups possess defined political or review processes such as tribal entities, and negotiations may require a shift of traditional research control to the community in exchange for their approval and support of the partnership [32,35,36,37]. Some have suggested creating tangible benefits for community endorsement and collaboration including compensation in the form of resources for health care infrastructure, reimbursement of costs, or even revenues from for-profit ventures or industry-driven research [38].…”