Dental fluorosis, nutritional status, kidney damage, and thyroid function along with bone metabolic indicators in school-going children living in fluoride-affected hilly areas of Doda district, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

A case-control study was undertaken among the school children aged 8-15 years to know the presence and severity of dental fluorosis, nutrition and kidney status, and thyroid function along with bone metabolic indicators in Doda district situated at high altitude where drinking water was contaminated and heat stress. This study included 824 participants with an age of 8-15 years. The results of the study reviled that dental fluorosis was significantly higher in affected than control area children. Urinary fluoride was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in affected children as compared to the control area school children. Nutritional status of affected children was lower than control area children. The chronic kidney damage (CKD) was higher in affected than control school children. Thyroid function was affected more in affected than control area schools. Serum creatinine, total alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, 1, 25(OH) vitamin D, and osteocalcin were significantly higher in affected school children (p < 0.05) as compared to control school children, whereas there was no significant difference in triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and 25-OH vitamin D among the two groups. There was a significant decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the affected area school children compared to control. In conclusion, fluorotic area school children were more affected with dental fluorosis, kidney damage, along and some bone indicators as compared to control school children.

Accumulation and health risk assessment of heavy metals in tissues of the shrimp and fish species from the Yumurtalik coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Turkey

“…The transfer of chemicals from the subcomponents of the food chain to the upper constituents imparts a risk to the ecosystem as the chemicals tend to accumulate and can be transferred from one food chain to another [3]. The concentration of bioaccumulated heavy metals in the fish body is a function of some environmental parameters, including pH, temperature, alkalinity of the environment, pollutant type, sampling site [4, 5]. The presence of heavy metals in marine environment is the results of two main sources of contamination: natural occurring deposit and anthropogenic activities such as.…”

“…The presence of heavy metals in marine environment is the results of two main sources of contamination: natural occurring deposit and anthropogenic activities such as. domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities [4, 6].…”

Oral and dental status of Lebanese and Syrian refugees living in proximity to Deir Kanoun Ras El Ain dump in Lebanon

“…The correlation between dental health and demographic factors such as age, gender, place of residence, or unfavorable oral health care, as well as unhealthy lifestyles, are well-documented in literature. [54555657]…”

Fluoride, Thyroid Hormone Derangements and its Correlation with Tooth Eruption Pattern Among the Pediatric Population from Endemic and Non-endemic Fluorosis Areas

“…From the results, they concluded that in comparison to the controls, children living in the fluoride endemic areas are more severely affected with altered thyroid and metabolic functions. 14 Yun et al investigated the current incidence of endemic fluorosis in the floodplain area. For carrying out the epidemiological survey of endemic fluorosis, they surveyed 16 countries.…”