Dental implant macrodesign features in the past 10 years: A systematic review

Abstract

Dental implant is a material used in replacing missing teeth. The osseointegration process of dental implants will be affected by the macrodesign of the fixtures. This study aimed to review the dental implant macrodesign in the past 10 years. This study was conducted in a systematic review method using two electronic databases (PUBMED and Science Direct). Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the last 10 years were used for this review. All the search results were filtered using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses and should fulfill some predefined inclusion criteria. The last step was to assess the methodological quality of the studies using the JBI Checklist for RCT. The search identified 357 studies with only 23 that going through full-text analysis, resulting in 14 articles included in the review. In total, 19 different implant brands were used in 12 different countries. Dental implant macrodesigns were divided into collar design, implant shape, thread geometry, and platform design. The macrodesign features of the implant were mostly developed in the variation of thread geometry and collar design.

Influence of implant shape and prosthetic platform on cervical bone resorption: A systematic review

“…Due to lower primary stability, less resistance to vertical movements, and shear stresses, cylindrical implants are favorable under delayed loading (Vandamme, et al, 2008). In a systematic review conducted by Alshehri & Alshehri, F. 2016, implant shape did not differ in implant survival in the posterior maxilla (Cahyaningtyas, et al, 2023). showed that cylindrical implants did not have higher MBL after 6 months.…”

“…Only one article compared cylindrical to conical implants and related to MBL, and another study compared two conical implants and related to MBL, but one of them has shape characteristics that are close to the cylindrical, and for that reason, the study was included. There are two types of shape (Cahyaningtyas, et al, 2023), conical implants use lateral and vertical pressure to achieve stability, while cylindrical implants rely on static friction at the base (Heimes, et al, 2023). Tapered implants facilitate clinical practice by reducing bone drilling steps, generating less surgical trauma, less bone resorption in the primary stages and accelerated bone remodeling under adequate insertion torque, better distribution of occlusal loads, less susceptibility to buccal bone drilling, and achieving higher insertion torque (Heimes, et al, 2023;Kreve, et al, 2022).…”

“…Bone resorption occurs to ensure that the biological width is re-established. The difference between diameters in the switching platform results in a circular step that allows the horizontal expansion of the biological width, to protect osseointegration and preserve the cervical bone level at the level of the implant-abutment junction (Annibali, et al, 2012;Askar, et al, 2020;Cahyaningtyas, et al, 2023). The presence of thick insertion tissue is related to reduced MBL, but in the switching technique, the thickness of the oral tissues is not relevant for maintaining the cervical bone level (Askar, et al, 2020;Vervaeke, et al, 2014;Suarez-Lopez Del Amo, et al, 2016).…”