Dentinal tubule penetration and root canal cleanliness following ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated sodium hypochlorite

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on its dentinal tubular penetration and root canal cleanliness in vitro. In experiment 1, mandibular premolars were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 8): group A, ultrasonic activation; group B, ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated NaOCl and group C, syringe‐and‐needle irrigation. Penetration of the fluorescent‐labelled NaOCl was investigated using light microscopy. In experiment 2, mandibular premolars were randomly allocated to group B or C (n = 10), for histological analysis of the remaining pulp tissue and debris. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests (P = 0.05). The highest penetration of NaOCl was observed in group B, followed by group A (P < 0.05). Group B showed significantly less amount of debris than group C (P < 0.05). Dentinal tubule penetration of NaOCl and root canal cleanliness were significantly improved by ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated NaOCl.

Antibacterial Ability of Sodium Hypochlorite Heated in the Canals of Infected Teeth: An Ex Vivo Study

“…The removal of the pulp tissue with sonic or ultrasonic activation of NaOCl prior to heat application would allow a better exposure of the bacteria to the heated NaOCl. A recent study showed that the ultrasonic agitation of intracanal heated NaOCl enhanced the penetration of NaOCl in the dentinal tubules and resulted in cleaner canals compared to PUI alone and conventional irrigation [10]. In another study, ultrasonic agitation of heated NaOCl rendered artificial canals cleaner than heating NaOCl alone [28].…”

“…However, intracanal heating of NaOCl was more effective than pre-heating with regards to canal cleanliness and presence of debris [9]. Moreover, ultrasonic agitation of intracanal heated NaOCl resulted in cleaner canals compared to conventional and passive ultrasonic irrigation [10].…”

Ex vivo ability of a noninstrumentation technique to disinfect oval-shaped canals

“…[ 4 ] Intracanal heating and ultrasonic agitation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (IHAN) following conventional root canal preparation has been reported to enhance canal cleanliness and disinfection in comparison to passive ultrasonic or sonic activation. [ 5 6 7 ]…”

Root canal debridement efficacy of heated sodium hypochlorite in conjunction with passive ultrasonic agitation: An ex vivo study

“…5 Various methods have been studied to increase the potency of NaOCl and enable the use of low concentrations of NaOCl with decreased risk for toxicity or side effects. 7,8 For example, NaOCl heating enhances the disinfecting and debridement properties due to an increase in the irrigation flow and reaction rate. 9,10 Increases in irrigant temperatures are accomplished by preheating the irrigant extraorally or heating the NaOCl within the canal by utilizing ultrasonic equipment, 8 or lasers.…”

“…7,8 For example, NaOCl heating enhances the disinfecting and debridement properties due to an increase in the irrigation flow and reaction rate. 9,10 Increases in irrigant temperatures are accomplished by preheating the irrigant extraorally or heating the NaOCl within the canal by utilizing ultrasonic equipment, 8 or lasers. 7,9 The heating of NaOCl often decreases its viscosity, enabling greater penetration, dissolving, and disinfection properties.…”