Dentine bonding agents comprising calcium-silicates to support proactive dental care: Origins, development and future

Abstract

The origin of ion-releasing dentine bonding agents lies in a change in attitude regarding the qualities demanded of a restorative dental material. The objectives of this paper are to review recent studies on novel hybrid adhesives comprising bioactive fillers based on information from original research papers, reviews, and patent literatures. Literature searches of free text and MeSH terms were performed by using MedLine (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo and the Cochrane Library (6th November, 2013). Reference lists of primary research reports and eligible systematic reviews were cross-checked in an attempt to identify additional studies. Experimental methacrylate-based adhesives, either when incorporating calcium/sodium phosphate-phyllosilicates or calcium silicate cements, demonstrated to promote therapeutic/protective effects on the micro-mechanical and ultramorphological properties of resin bonded-dentine interfaces associated with mineral deposition over time. Further randomized control trials are needed in order to confirm these initial results in vivo.

Ions-modified nanoparticles affect functional remineralization and energy dissipation through the resin-dentin interface

“…The ultimate goal in the design and refinement of dental adhesives is to render a stronger and durable adhesion to dental tissues, despite the severe conditions in the oral environment (Profeta, 2014). Dentin adhesives should not only be long-lasting, but promoters of both protection and remineralization of resin-dentin interfaces, triggering the bioactive nature of dentin matrix, by releasing bound bioactive molecules.…”

Polymer Nanocarriers for Dentin Adhesion

“…However, silica particles were covered by calcium ( Fig. 3b; -Ep3c-), probably forming calcium silicate, which is a bioactive compound that can bind phosphorus (Profeta, 2014).…”

“…To favor ion exchange and mineral precipitation within the hybrid layer, different particles have been incorporated into dental adhesives: bioactive glass, Portland cement, or amorphous calcium phosphate Profeta, 2014). However, as minerals elute from the resins, there is a rapid decrease in their mechanical properties and bond strength over time (Sauro et al, 2013a,b).…”

Bioactive-glass in Endodontic Therapy and Associated Microsurgery

“…Among these is B-G (grade 45S5, US Biomaterials Co., Alachua, FL, USA), the first man-made material to bond to bone [4], that is based on a simple four-component system of minerals normally found in the skeleton and teeth such as silica [SiO 2 (46.1 wt.%)], sodium oxide [Na 2 O (24.4 wt.%)], calcium oxide [CaO (26.9 wt.%)], and phosphorus pentoxide [P 2 O 5 (2.6 wt.%)]. B-G has been successfully used in dentine remineralization procedures [12] due to its ability to dissolve, upon contact with physiological body fluids or human plasma, and promote mineral precipitation with subsequent crystallization of hydroxyl carbonate apatite (HCA) on the glass/tissue interface. The detailed analysis of the reactions involved has been presented by Hench [4].…”

“…The process involves five stages which occur very rapidly on the surface of B-G particles because of fast ion exchange of alkali ions with hydrogen ions from the liquid medium (stage 1), glass network dissolution (stage 2), condensation of a silica-rich mass (stage 3), and calcium phosphate precipitation followed by crystallisation of the HCA layer within hours (stages 4 and 5). Such a phase is chemically and structurally similar to the mineral phase of human bone and dentine, allowing accelerated interfacial fusion and consolidation without toxicological consequences [12]. Unfortunately, root canals filled solely with a calcium silicate-based cement can never be retreated, a corrective measure that is deemed important by most clinicians.…”