Denudation of the urinary bladder mucosa in the cat by formaldehyde

Abstract

Chemical Stripping of the urinary bladder mucosa was studied in 38 cats using 5 to 25% formaldehyde solutions. The contact time varied from 1 to 20 min. With a 20% solution and contact time of 1 min, total denudation was possible without necrosis of subepithelial layers. In such cases, complete reepithelialisation and normal bladder dynamics were seen within 3-4 weeks after formaldehyde instillation. Signs of formaldehyde intoxication due to vesical resorption were not observed.

The Impact of Methenamine Hippurate Treatment on Urothelial Integrity and Bladder Inflammation in Aged Female Mice and Women With Urinary Tract Infections

“…23 Animal studies have also noted initial urothelial necrosis, edema, and leukocytic infiltration after concentrated formaldehyde exposure. 24 Thus, our concern was that MH, although resulting in significantly lower levels of formaldehyde, could adversely affect bladder inflammation. However, we found no significant difference in IL-6 between women receiving MH treatment versus other groups.…”

“…In older clinical practice, concentrated formaldehyde was used to superficially necrose and coagulate the bladder to stop severe hemorrhage, which resulted in significant fibrosis on pathological analysis 23 . Animal studies have also noted initial urothelial necrosis, edema, and leukocytic infiltration after concentrated formaldehyde exposure 24 . Thus, our concern was that MH, although resulting in significantly lower levels of formaldehyde, could adversely affect bladder inflammation.…”

Autocrine regulation of human urothelial cell proliferation and migration during regenerative responses in vitro

“…Although the exceptional regenerative ability of the urothelium has long been recognized [10], the mechanisms remain elusive. Nevertheless, there is considerable evidence implicating members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and ligand families as important mediators of urothelial cell growth and migration.…”

Fatal Outcome of Intravesical Formalin Instillation, with Changes Mimicking Renal Tuberculosis

“…This latter probably led to stricture formation in the calyceal infun dibula, with ballooning of the calyces as seen in renal tuberculosis. Animal investigations have pointed out that high concentrations of formalin cause deep fibrosis through to the muscle layer of the bladder, even after short instillation [19]. To prevent reflux of formalin, a Fowler position or reverse Trendelenburg position has been advocated [7,8].…”