Deoxyribonucleic acids of crustacea

Smith, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(64)80088-7

Cited by 57 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For D. galeata population B, however, the pool ''other'' was of comparable size. These results are well in agreement with a calculated P content in nucleic acids ranging between 84% (copepodid III) and 47% (adult) of total P content in the calanoid copepod Euchaeta elongata (Dagg and Littlepage 1972), assuming that 40% of the basepairs in the nucleic acids are guanine-cytosine (Smith 1964) and glycogen). This is similar to the values for population B of D. galeata, but considerably lower than for population A. RNA is a major part of total nucleic acids in crustaceans.…”

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confidence: 89%

Phosphorus distribution in three crustacean zooplankton species

Vrede

Andersen

Hessen

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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Abstract-The distribution of phosphorus (P) was assessed in homogeneously 33 P-labeled Daphnia magna, Daphnia galeata and Eudiaptomus gracilis. The specific P contents were 1.48, 1.41, and 0.50% of dry weight (DW), respectively. The results support the view of low intraspecific variability in P : DW ratios in crustacean zooplankton. The fraction of P allocated to nucleic acids, phospholipids, and other P compounds was assessed in D. galeata and E. gracilis. In both species, the major pool, 35-69% of the total P content, was associated with nucleic acids. This fraction decreased with both body size (age) of D. galeata and E. gracilis and with the reproductive rate of D. galeata. D. magna and D. galeata revealed similar patterns of P allocation between body, carapace, and eggs. The carapace contained approximately 14% of the total P content. If most P is not reabsorbed from the exoskeleton prior to molting, the molting will result in a substantial P drain both from the individual and, at times, from the entire planktonic system. Zooplankton production has long been considered to be mainly energy (or carbon) limited, but recently much attention has been paid to the importance of food quality for the growth of crustacean zooplankton. One of the potentially important factors, which may place constraints on zooplankton growth, is phosphorus (P) (Hessen 1992;Urabe et al. 1997). Typically, daphnids have low carbon : phosphorus (C : P) ratios, while copepods have high C : P ratios in their somatic tissues Hessen and Lyche 1991). Furthermore, the sestonic P concentration is often below predicted and observed thresholds for P limitation of zooplankton growth (Hessen and Andersen 1992;Sommer 1992;Urabe and Watanabe 1992). This implies that in order to maintain a nearly homeostatic C : P ratio, a grazer must balance its net intake of elements relative to its bodily demands. At high C : P ratios in the food, some proportion of C (''excess C'') must be disposed off, invariably reducing the growth rate. Similarly, the relationship between the P content in zooplankton and in their food also has implications in terms of the amount of P that is recycled by zooplankton .Expected major pools of P in crustaceans are nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] , and calcium-associated P (hydroxyapatite) in the exoskeleton. Only limited information exists on the occurrence and dynamics of these compounds in crustaceans. The distribution of P between these pools, as well as between reproduction and somatic growth, reflects metabolic and physiologic constraints but is also a consequence of the animals' life histories (Elser et al. 1996). The allocation pattern will also have implications for P flow within the planktonic food web because of differences in turnover time and bioavailability between different pools of P. While the high specific P content of Daphnia relative to that of other zooplankton, particularly relative to that of copepods, is settled, there is no obvious reason why this is so. If a high specific P content may lead to ...

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Phosphorus distribution in three crustacean zooplankton species

Vrede

Andersen

Hessen

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Mean ± SD calculated for wax esters, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, proteins and free amino acids in percentage of total mass of each compound. Other main biochemical compounds found in zooplankton that have known molecular compositions are also shown (glycogen, DNA, RNA, chitin and ATP), with the exception of DNA and RNA for which the G-C relationship is assumed to be 40%, as demonstrated for crustacea (Smith 1964). The number of species considered for each compound (n) is indicated species for proteins, carbohydrates and chitin (only differences between freshwater and marine species could be tested for chitin) due to the high variability of most compounds in each taxonomic group (shown by standard deviations and maximum-minimum ranges in Table 3 and ANOVA tests in Table 4).…”

Section: Average Biochemical Composition Of Crustacean Zooplanktonmentioning

confidence: 86%

Linking biochemical and elemental composition in freshwater and marine crustacean zooplankton

Ventura¹

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The major groups of biochemical compounds (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, chitin, nucleic acids and nucleotides) have a distinct functional role and, therefore, incorporation of biochemical interpretations into stoichiometric analysis would improve our current understanding of species life histories and their interactions. A review of the stoichiometric composition of the main biochemical compounds of freshwater and marine zooplankton revealed high constancy. No significant differences were found between marine and freshwater species or between any of the taxonomic groups considered (copepods, cladocerans, euphausiids and mysiids) for most of the main biochemical compounds (triacylglycerol, wax esters, phospholipids and proteins). Therefore, it can be concluded that inter-and intraspecific stoichiometric variability is a result of differences in the proportions of the main biochemical compounds. Comparison of the biochemical composition of 182 freshwater and marine species revealed that freshwater species had lower ATP and free amino acid content and higher RNA content than marine species. The elemental composition of a single copepod species, Calanus finmarchicus, and the averages of each taxonomic group were estimated from the composition of major biochemical compounds and compared with the measured elemental content. Almost all of the measured carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were accounted for. After proteins, nucleic acids were the second most abundant compound in the N pool of freshwater species, while free amino acids were the second most prevalent compound in marine species. Phospholipids were the most abundant compound in the P pool of marine species, while in freshwater species nucleic acids were the most abundant compound.

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“…The centrioles persisted, the internal structure of the acrosome was distinctive, and the apparent origin of the membrane elaborations from endoplasmic reticulum and their subsequent degeneration followed different patterns . Although decapod sperm have been studied in the past primarily because of their unusual aflagellate form, the recent discoveries of deoxyadenylatedeoxythymidylate copolymer satellite DNA's in the testis and other tissues of several species of crabs (Sueoka, 1961 ;Sueoka and Cheng, 1962 ;Smith, 1964 ;Skinner, 1967) have stimulated a more general interest . For these reasons a detailed investigation of spermiogenesis in Cancer crabs was undertaken .…”

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confidence: 99%

SPERMIOGENESIS IN CANCER CRABS

Langreth

1969

The Journal of Cell Biology

104

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Spermiogenesis in Cancer crabs was studied by light and electron microscopy. The sperm are aflagellate, and when mature consist primarily of a spherical acrosome surrounded by the nucleus with its short radiating arms. The acrosome forms by a coalescence of periodic acid-Schiff-positive (PAS-positive) vesicles. During spermiogenesis one edge of the acrosomal vesicle invaginates to form a PAS-negative central core. The inner region of the acrosome bounding the core contains basic proteins which are not complexed to nucleic acid. The formation of an elaborate lattice-like complex of fused membranes, principally from membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, is described. These membranes are later taken into the nucleus and subsequently degenerate. In late spermatids, when most of the cytoplasm is sloughed, the nuclear envelope and the cell membrane apparently fuse to become the limiting boundary over most of the sperm cell. In the mature sperm the chromatin of the nucleus and arms, which is Feulgen-positive, contains no detectable protein. The chromatin filaments appear clumped, branched, and anastomosed; morphologically, they resemble the DNA of bacterial nuclei. Mitochondria are absent or degenerate in mature sperm of Cancer crabs, but the centrioles persist in the nucleoplasm at the base of the acrosome.

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Deoxyribonucleic acids of crustacea

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

Phosphorus distribution in three crustacean zooplankton species

Phosphorus distribution in three crustacean zooplankton species

Linking biochemical and elemental composition in freshwater and marine crustacean zooplankton

SPERMIOGENESIS IN CANCER CRABS

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