Dependence of the heterosis effect on genetic distance, determined using various molecular markers

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A number of studies have shown that the greater the genetic diversity of parental lines, the greater the heterosis effect. Genetic or phenotypic variation can be estimated by genotype testing on the basis of the observations obtained through prediction (a priori) or the observations and studies (a posteriori). The first method uses data such as the genealogy of a given subject and the information about its geographical origin. The second method is based on the phenotypic observation and studies, as well as on the molecular research. The development of molecular genetics and genotype testing methods at the DNA level has made it possible to rapidly assess the genetic variability regardless of the modifying effect of the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the degree of relatedness and the DNA polymorphism (determined using AFLP, RAPD, and SSR markers) of inbred maize lines and the effect of hybrid-form heterosis. Our analysis demonstrated that the parental components for heterosis crosses can be selected on the basis of the genetic similarity determined using the molecular SSR markers and the Jaccard, Kluczyński, Nei, and Rogers coefficients. Molecular AFLP markers proved less useful for selecting the parental components, but may be used to group lines with incomplete origin data. In the case of the RAPD markers, no clear relationship between genetic distance and the heterosis effect was found in this study.</jats:p>

Genetic variations in some Egyptian Zea mexicana genotypes based on RAPD and AFLP markers

“…Each genotype had a unique banding profile for every AFLP primer combination. These results are in agreement with previous studies on maize using AFLP markers (Oliveira et al, 2004;Legesse et al;2006 Hartings et al;, Neha and Nam, 2016and Tomkowiak, et al, 2020.…”

“…From a total of 141 RAPD bands and 276 AFLP peaks, 102 represent 72.3% and 267 represent 96.7% fragments were found to be polymorphic loci, respectively. Also, Tomkowiak, et al (2020) compared the efficiency of AFLP, RAPD markers for determining the relationship among thirteen hybrids and nineteen inbred lines of maize. They obtained 528 AFLP markers and 234 RAPD markers using fifteen primer pairs and forty random oligonucleotide primers, respectively.…”

“…Also, they are stable and detectable in all plant tissues at different developmental stages or under different environmental conditions (Violeta et al, 2018). Because of the simplicity of the random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), it has been extensively used to differentiate and detect differences among genotypes (Suten et al, 2013 andTomkowiak, et al, 2020). RAPD does not require any specific knowledge of the DNA sequence of the target organism.…”

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“…All organisms are exposed on the influence of different environmental conditions but in the genetic level are the same in all environments. A number of studies have shown that the greater the genetic similarity of parental lines, the smaller the heterosis effect [1]. Genetic or phenotypic similarity can be estimated by genotype testing on the basis of the observations obtained through prediction (a priori) or of the observations and studies (a posteriori).…”

Phenotypic diversity analysis and performance of elite lines of Brassica napus L.

“…Four continents including America, Europe, Australia and Asia are important for food cultivation as oil and meal while non-food uses are as biofuel or lubricants. It stands second world crop after soybean (Jan et al 2017, Tomkowiak et al 2020. The close relationship between six particularly important species (Brassica carinata, B. juncea, B. oleracea, B. napus, B. nigra and B. rapa) was described by the triangle of U theory (UN 1935).…”