Dependent Scattering and Dependent Absorption of Light in a Fine-particle Dispersed Medium

Determination of thermal radiative properties of packed-bed media containing a mixture of polydispersed particles

“…Hence, the extinction coefficient of ZnO was decreased from the Mie-based value to β ZnO = 67800 m −1 (by 68%) for samples 4 and 5 to account for the increased absorption, while the scattering coefficient was kept unchanged at σ sca,ZnO = 37800 m −1 . This led to reasonably good agreement with the experimental results.The required decrease of β ZnO and ω ZnO as compared to the Mie-based values for samples 2-5 is attributed to the dependent scattering effects affecting the small ZnO particles packed in the void space between the large SiO 2 particles[23,29,30]. The heterogeneous character of all samples, the non-spherical shape of the densely packed SiO 2 and C particles, and the dependent scattering effects affecting them[16][17][18], further lead to the observed discrepancies.The MC computation accuracy is assessed by calculating the relative mean standard deviation of the overall transmittance ST /T for sample #5…”

Investigating performance prediction and optimization of spectral solar reflectance of cool painted layers

“…3 [20] is utilized for spectral solar irradiation. In the upper surface, specular reflection is produced due to the differences between the refractive indices of air (1.0) and of alkyd resin (1.5) [12]. The specular reflectance is obtained with Fresnel's equation.…”

“…The effect of diffuse reflection in the painted layer is generally higher than that of specular reflection at the surface of the layer. Therefore, it is very important to know the scattering properties of the pigment in order [8][9][10][11][12] evaluated the radiative performance of a painted layer by solving the radiation transfer equation with precision. For example, radiative properties of painted layers containing spherical particle are analyzed in the case of normal incidence [8] and in the cases of oblique and hemispherical incidences [9].…”

“…For example, radiative properties of painted layers containing spherical particle are analyzed in the case of normal incidence [8] and in the cases of oblique and hemispherical incidences [9]. Other such examples of the numerical simulations include evaluation of the reflection properties of optically thick medium in the case of normal incidence [10] and painted layer with two-layer structure [11], and the scattering and absorption characteristics of fine-particle disperse medium [12]. In this study, Radiation element method [13] was used to predict solar reflectance because it is a simple method and can consider various conditions including isotropic scattering.…”

Effects of Coating Layer With Pigment on the Reflectance of External Radiation

“…In many works dealing with coating layers or porous media, independent or dependent scattering has been assumed [5][6][7][8][9]. Kunitomo et al [10] investigated the significance of dependent scattering in the coating layer by comparing the experimental results for the reflectance of the particle dispersed layer with the theoretical results obtained by assuming independent scattering.…”