DEPFET, a monolithic active pixel sensor for the ILC

A gated single-photon avalanche diode array fabricated in a conventional CMOS process for triggered systems

“…Although these sensors can be easily found in cameras, videos and also in the bio-medical field, they cannot supply the required readout speed or temporal and spatial resolution required by many other potential applications. Such a gap in the market has stimulated research and development to improve the already mature technologies but also to explore new ones, like for instance column parallel CCDs (CPCCDs) [4] and depleted field effect transistors (DEPFETs) [5]. DEPFETs offer twodimensional resolution and are being mainly developed for the detection of ionizing particles.…”

R&D paths of pixel detectors for vertex tracking and radiation imaging

“…The very low input capacitance and in-pixel charge to current conversion of monolithic pixel sensors are advantageous in terms of pixel noise and makes them attractive for applications requiring good energy resolution at relatively high frame rate. DEPFET sensors, derived from R&D for the ILC vertex tracker [54], have demonstrated single-pixel energy resolution of 130 eV at 5.9 keV, which is Fano limited. They are being developed for use in satellite missions for X-ray astronomy [55] and planetary observation [56] and X-ray light sources [7].…”

Readout schemes for low noise single-photon avalanche diodes fabricated in conventional HV-CMOS technologies

“…This situation has created a favorable atmosphere for the development of a large variety of sensor technologies, such as Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) [1], CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) [2], Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs) [3] and DEPleted Field Effect Transistors (DEPFETs) [4]. Although much progress has been made, the present options provide a reduced readout speed, generate weak signals or regard dedicated technologies.…”