Depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in kidney of catfish <i><scp>I</scp>ctalurus punctatus</i> and trout <i><scp>O</scp>ncorhynchus mykiss</i>

Stine, Cynthia B.; Nochetto, Cristina; Gieseker, Charles M.; Evans, Eric; Hasbrouck, Nicholas R.; Mayer, Tamara D.; Girard, Lauren; Reimschuessel, Renate

doi:10.1111/jvp.12058

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Food for human and animal consumption has been adulterated with melamine and cyanuric acid for economically motived reasons because these compounds can increase apparent protein content [19,29]. The purpose of this PT was to evaluate Vet-LIRN laboratories' ability to detect and quantify melamine and cyanuric acid in fish, for human consumption, at concentrations close to the level of concern (2.5 mg/kg) [30].…”

Section: Melamine Ptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of proficiency exercises offered by the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) and Moffett Proficiency Testing Laboratory from 2012 to 2018

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Food and Drug Administration’s Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network is comprised of more than 40 animal diagnostic laboratories within North America and offers voluntary Proficiency Exercises to these participating laboratories. The joint Proficiency Exercise Program is run in collaboration with the Center for Food safety and Nutrition and Institute for Food safety and Health, located at the Moffett Proficiency Testing Laboratory. From 2012 to 2018, the Proficiency Exercise Program offered 20 proficiency tests or interlaboratory comparison exercises focused on veterinary analytes of interest. The program evaluated performance of laboratories, individual analysts, and the methods used. Over the six-year period, the program improved exercise schemes, as well as offered network laboratories exercises with analytes not routinely seen such as animal tissue with naturally occurring residues. Animal diagnostic laboratories can use performance results to assist with accreditation, demonstrate proficiency, and improve diagnostic capabilities.

show abstract

Section: Melamine Ptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of proficiency exercises offered by the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) and Moffett Proficiency Testing Laboratory from 2012 to 2018

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The crystals or stones in the urinary tract by exposure to MEL was reported to mainly consist of complexes of MEL with uric acid or cyanuric acid (CYA) [ 9 , 10 ]. Animal studies reported a strong synergistic effect on urolithiasis in the event of co-exposure to both MEL and CYA [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Excretion of Cyanuric Acid in Association with Urolithiasis: A Matched Case-Control Study in Shanghai Adults

Huang

Long

Liu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Melamine (MEL) has raised human concern since the 2008 milk scandal. Co-exposure to MEL and one of its analogues, cyanuric acid (CYA), has been reported to have a synergistic effect on promoting urolithiasis. However, few epidemiological studies have reported urolithiasis in association with exposure to CYA based on our knowledge. We therefore conducted a case-control study to investigate whether cases of urolithiasis had higher excretion of urinary CYA than the controls. Spot urine samples from 70 adult cases and first-morning urine samples from 70 controls (matched by age and sex) were collected for the measurement of MEL, CYA, and other two analogues in urine. The case group also had 2.81-fold higher concentration of urinary CYA than the control group (34.87 versus 12.43 ng/mL, p-value < 0.001). Multivariate conditional logistic regression models adjusting potential confounders of personal characteristics identified the risk factor of urinary CYA as a continuous variable with odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, 95%CI) of 1.11 (1.02–1.21) (p-value = 0.021) and having meals at restaurants with OR of 5.71 (1.01–32.31) (p-value = 0.049). Compared to the participants having the lowest quartile of CYA concentration in urine, participants at the second, third, and fourth quartile groups had ORs of 13.94, 83.69, and 118.65 with p-values of 0.004, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively. The high excretion of urinary CYA in urolithiasis cases might be the sign of stones in patients consisting of CYA, then proving the attribution of CYA exposure in the etiology of urolithiasis. These findings are important since CYA is a degraded by-product of chlorinated isocyanuric acid disinfectants, which are widely used in daily life not only in swimming pool water but also in other scenarios, such as serving as anti-pandemic disinfectants. Risk assessment of CYA serving as a by-product of disinfectants needs to be conducted in future studies.

show abstract

Melamine–cyanurate complexes and oxidative stress markers in trout kidney following melamine and cyanuric acid long-term co-exposure and withdrawal

Pacini

Dörr

Elia

et al. 2014

Fish Physiol Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2007, renal failure and death in pets were linked to pet food containing both melamine (MEL) and cyanuric acid (CYA). In mammals and fish, the co-administration of MEL and CYA causes renal crystal formation. Moreover, little is known about the process of crystal removal in fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of MEL-cyanurate crystals in kidney of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed combined MEL and CYA diets for 10 weeks at 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg in feed (equivalent to 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg body weight of trout fed 1 % body weight per day). During the exposure trial and throughout a withdrawal period, prooxidant effects of MEL and CYA were evaluated on oxidative stress markers such as catalase, glutathione S-transferase and malondialdehyde. Crystal formation was dose and time dependent, and after six withdrawal weeks, crystals persisted in kidney of trout treated the highest triazine dose. Catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity in kidney of trout exposed to both triazines for 10 weeks indicated that MEL (with or without CYA) can exert a higher prooxidant effect than CYA dispensed singly. Although the enzymes activity increase appears to be reverted after two MEL withdrawal weeks, persistence of crystals may lead to severe damage in renal cells of fish.

show abstract

Depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in kidney of catfish Ictalurus punctatus and trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

A review of proficiency exercises offered by the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) and Moffett Proficiency Testing Laboratory from 2012 to 2018

A review of proficiency exercises offered by the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) and Moffett Proficiency Testing Laboratory from 2012 to 2018

Urinary Excretion of Cyanuric Acid in Association with Urolithiasis: A Matched Case-Control Study in Shanghai Adults

Melamine–cyanurate complexes and oxidative stress markers in trout kidney following melamine and cyanuric acid long-term co-exposure and withdrawal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About