Deployment Experiences and Motor Vehicle Crashes Among U.S. Service Members

Woodall, Kelly A.; Jacobson, Isabel G.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.11.015

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“… 5 28 In addition, a US study demonstrated that multiple deployments and experiencing combat on deployment were both strong predictors of motor vehicle crashes after deployment. 38 Since 2006, all UK Armed Forces personnel from formed units returning from deployment overseas have taken a brief period of rest in a safe environment away from theatre and away from home. 37 Since 2007, this has involved a road safety educational campaign focusing specifically on the postdeployment period including the Grim Reaper video presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky driving among UK regular armed forces personnel: changes over time

et al. 2015

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ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of self-reported risky driving in a sample of UK military personnel at 2 different time points (2004 and 2009), and to identify the incidence of new onset risky driving and possible determinants of becoming a new risky driver.MethodsData were used from 2 phases of a military cohort study investigating the health and well-being of UK military personnel between 2004 and 2009. Participants were included if they were undertaking regular (rather than reserve) engagements, had completed both surveys and reported being a driver at both surveys. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between risky driving status and sociodemographic and military characteristics. Data analysis was conducted in 2011.ResultsThe prevalence of risky driving reduced from 18% to 14%, over an average of 3.3 years. The incidence of new onset risky driving was 7%. Predictors for becoming a new risky driver were: younger age, not being in a relationship at phase 2 and harmful alcohol use. Those deployed after 2007 were less likely to become risky drivers following deployment, compared with those deployed before 2007 (adjusted OR 0.62 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.95)).ConclusionsThe prevalence of becoming a risky driver appears to have reduced over time. This paper suggests a number of explanations for this reduction, including changes in the way that the UK military have dealt with road safety with the introduction of the road safety campaign (in 2007).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky driving among UK regular armed forces personnel: changes over time

et al. 2015

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“…, depression (Godfrey et al, 2015;Luxton, Skopp, & Maguen, 2010;Mustillo et al, 2017;Wells et al, 2010), and alcohol misuse (Jacobson et al, 2008;Mustillo et al, 2017;Wilk et al, 2010). In addition, postdeployment motor vehicle crashes are more prevalent among personnel who were exposed to combat while deployed (Woodall, Jacobson, & Crum-Cianflone, 2014). Given the significant ways combat exposure can affect the health of service members, accurate assessment of combat exposure in deployed military personnel is critical when treating service members (Hoge et al, 2004;Kimbrel et al, 2014;Milliken, Auchterlonie, & Hoge, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combat exposure is associated with negative mental and behavioral outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Donoho, Bonanno, Porter, Kearney, & Powell, ; Mustillo et al., 2017; Street, Gradus, Giasson, Vogt, & Resick, ; Smith et al., ), depression (Godfrey et al., ; Luxton, Skopp, & Maguen, ; Mustillo et al., 2017; Wells et al., ), and alcohol misuse (Jacobson et al., ; Mustillo et al., 2017; Wilk et al., ). In addition, postdeployment motor vehicle crashes are more prevalent among personnel who were exposed to combat while deployed (Woodall, Jacobson, & Crum‐Cianflone, ). Given the significant ways combat exposure can affect the health of service members, accurate assessment of combat exposure in deployed military personnel is critical when treating service members (Hoge et al., ; Kimbrel et al., ; Milliken, Auchterlonie, & Hoge, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Measuring Aggregated and Specific Combat Exposures: Associations Between Combat Exposure Measures and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Alcohol‐Related Problems

Porter

Hoge

Tobin

et al. 2018

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Research has shown combat exposure to be associated with negative mental health outcomes. Different combat exposure measures are not composed of the same combat experiences, and few combat exposure measures have been directly compared to another measure. Furthermore, research about the unique associations between specific combat experiences and mental health is lacking. We investigated associations between new-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), new-onset depression, and alcohol-related problems and two commonly used measures of combat among a sample of 20,719 recently deployed U.S. military personnel. A 13-item measure assessed both direct and indirect combat exposures, and a 5-item measure assessed only indirect exposures. Both combat measures were associated with all outcomes in the same direction (e.g., PTSD, odds ratio [OR] = 2.97 vs. 4.01; depression, OR = 2.03 vs. 2.42; alcohol-related problems, OR = 1.41 vs. 1.62, respectively, for the 5- and 13-item measures). The 13-item measure had a stronger association with some outcomes, particularly PTSD. Each specific item had significant bivariate associations with all outcomes, ORs = 1.43-4.92. After adjusting for other combat exposures, items assessing witnessing abuse, feeling in danger, and knowing someone injured or killed remained associated with all outcomes, ORs = 1.18-2.72. After this adjustment, several items had unexpected protective associations with some mental health outcomes. Results indicated these two combat exposure measures were approximately equally effective for determining risk for negative mental health outcomes in a deployed population, despite having different content. Additional research is needed to replicate and understand how specific combat exposures affect health.

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“…Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are among the highest post-deployment causes of injury and death in veterans (Krahl, Jankosky, Thomas, & Hooper, 2010; Lew et al, 2011; Woodall, Jacobson, & Crum-Cianflone, 2014). In Gulf War veterans, MVA-related deaths were observed to increase dramatically immediately post-deployment, spiking to over 10 per 100,000 persons within the first full quarter, compared to under 4 per 100,000 persons in non-deployed veterans during that time frame (Lincoln et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%