Deposition and clearance of 2 μ particles in the tracheobronchial tree of normal subjects—smokers and nonsmokers

Lourenço, Ruy V.; Klimek, Mary F.; Borowski, Claudia J.

doi:10.1172/jci106624

Cited by 161 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Mucociliary clearance is impaired with COPD [35,36]. During the clearing process, particles tend to pool in areas with impaired mucociliary clearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation of emphysema or airway obstruction with the risk of lung cancer: a matched case-controlled study

Kishi¹,

Gurney²,

Schroeder³

et al. 2002

Eur Respir J

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A matched case-controlled study was conducted to determine if airway obstruction or emphysema were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.Lung cancer cases (n=24) were identified through a low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) screening trial from 1,520 participants. Four controls without lung cancer were selected for each case from the participants and matched by sex, age and smoking history. Emphysema was assessed by quantitative CT analysis. Conditional logistic regression was employed to assess results of spirometry and CT quantitative analysis as potential risk factors for lung cancer.The likelihood of lung cancer was found to be significantly increased for those with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) ¡40% of predicted. The results suggested that a lower percentage of predicted FEV1 was indicative of lung cancer. No compelling evidence was found to suggest that the percentage of emphysema was associated with lung cancer.These results suggest an increased risk of lung cancer associated with airway obstruction. However, percentage of emphysema as determined by computed tomography was not associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.

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“…Mucociliary clearance is impaired with COPD [35,36]. During the clearing process, particles tend to pool in areas with impaired mucociliary clearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation of emphysema or airway obstruction with the risk of lung cancer: a matched case-controlled study

Kishi¹,

Gurney²,

Schroeder³

et al. 2002

Eur Respir J

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“…Moreover, diesel exhaust particles upregulate the mRNA levels of TSLP [115], which can promote maturation of myeloid DCs that support T H 2-type polarization [116]. Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that smokers exhibit impaired mucociliary clearance [117][118][119][120] because of the inhibitory effect of cigarette smoke compounds on the expression of genes involved in ciliogenesis [121]. In turn, an increase in barrier permeability may facilitate the access of aeroallergens to the submucosa and their interaction with resident DCs and ILC2s, as well as with recruited MCs, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils [122].…”

Section: Effect Of Air Pollutants On the Airway Epithelium And Respirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway Epithelium Plays a Leading Role in the Complex Framework Underlying Respiratory Allergy

López-Rodríguez

Benedé

Barderas

et al. 2017

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol

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Airway epithelium is the cellular structure with the greatest surface exposed to a plethora of environmental airborne substances, including microorganisms, respiratory viruses, air pollutants, and allergens. In addition to being a protective physical barrier at the air-liquid interface, the airway epithelium acts as an effective chemical and immunological barrier that plays a crucial role in orchestrating the immune response in the lungs, by supporting the activation, recruitment, and mobilization of immune cells. Airway epithelium dysfunction has been clearly associated with various airway inflammatory diseases, such as allergic asthma. Although it is not fully understood why a person develops respiratory allergy, a growing body of evidence shows that the nature of the host's immune response is strongly determined by the state of the airway epithelium at the time of contact with the inhaled allergen. Our review highlights the physiological state of airway epithelium as a key element in the development of allergy and, particularly, in exacerbation of asthma. We review the role of physiological oxidants as signaling molecules in lung biology and allergic diseases and examine how high exposure to air pollutants (eg, cigarette smoke and diesel particles) can contribute to the increased incidence of respiratory allergy and exacerbation of the disease. Key words: Airway epithelium. Barrier dysfunction. Respiratory allergy. Redox biology. Air pollutants. ResumenEl epitelio pulmonar constituye la barrera celular más susceptible a la acción deletérea de la multitud de agentes que se encuentran en el ambiente, incluidos los alérgenos. Además de prevenir su acceso al organismo, la barrera epitelial de las vías respiratorias juega un papel inmunomodulador crucial, regulando de forma local la acción de las células del sistema inmune subyacentes. Una disfunción epitelial, provocada tanto directa como indirectamente por la acción de los aeroalérgenos, parece ser una de las causas principales de desregulación de la homeostasis pulmonar, causando una respuesta proinflamatoria descontrolada que cada vez más autores atribuyen al origen de las reacciones alérgicas. En esta revisión se quiere destacar el papel de la barrera epitelial pulmonar como regulador de la respuesta inmune en el contexto de la alergia. Las enfermedades crónicas que afectan a las vías respiratorias, tales como el asma alérgica, muestran frecuentemente una función epitelial defectuosa, apoyando así la hipótesis antes mencionada que subyace al origen de la alergia. El impacto de otros contaminantes ambientales -como virus respiratorios, bacterias, humo del tabaco y partículas diésel-sobre la integridad epitelial, así como su influencia en la biología redox pulmonar relacionada con el desarrollo de la respuesta alérgica, también se abordarán en la presente revisión.

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“…The predisposition of COPD to lung cancer may partly result from the impaired mucociliary clearance in smokers and even more in COPD patients [172,176,177]. In the more central airways, i.e.…”

Section: Mucociliary Clearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidant metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2003

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The development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been associated with increased oxidative stress or reduced antioxidant resources. Several indicators of oxidative stress, such as hydrogen peroxide exhalation, lipid peroxidation products and degraded proteins, are indeed elevated in COPD patients. As a result, the antioxidant capacity decreases in COPD patients.The fall in antioxidant capacity of blood from COPD patients should not only be regarded as a reflection of the occurrence of oxidative stress but also as evidence that oxidative stress spreads out to the circulation and can therefore generate a systemic effect.COPD is linked to weight loss and in particular to loss in fat-free mass by skeletal muscle wasting. This systemic effect can be mediated by both oxidative stress and oxidative stress-mediated processes like apoptosis and inflammation. Furthermore, COPD is a predisposition for lung cancer through several mechanisms including oxidative stress and oxidative stress-mediated processes such as inflammation and disruption of genomic integrity.Current therapeutic interventions against the far-reaching consequences of the systemic oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are not yet optimised. A diet designed to reduce chronic metabolic stress might form an effective therapeutic strategy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Deposition and clearance of 2 μ particles in the tracheobronchial tree of normal subjects—smokers and nonsmokers

Cited by 161 publications

References 20 publications

The correlation of emphysema or airway obstruction with the risk of lung cancer: a matched case-controlled study

The correlation of emphysema or airway obstruction with the risk of lung cancer: a matched case-controlled study

Airway Epithelium Plays a Leading Role in the Complex Framework Underlying Respiratory Allergy

Oxidant metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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