Deposition and Dissolution Mechanism of Lithium on Aluminum Substrate

Aprotic Sulfur–Metal Batteries: Lithium and Beyond

“…Since their introduction on the market in the early 1990s, lithium-ion batteries have become the performance benchmark for any further radical improvements in the field of electrochemical energy storage . Alternative battery chemistries, such as Na-ion, K-ion, , Mg-Ion, Ca-ion, Al-ion, − and Zn-ion, as well as the exploitation of lithium metal plating/​stripping at the negative electrodes coupled with intercalation at positive electrodes or conversion at O 2 gaseous electrodes, have been proposed, explored, demonstrated, debated, and in some cases criticized , in the past 30 years. An enormous scientific effort is currently in progress worldwide to identify how different technologies can find effective applications in specific niche fields, thus replacing the current ubiquitous Li-ion battery benchmark. − …”