Deposition by the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami on coastal lowland controlled by beach ridges near Sendai, Japan

Takashimizu, Yasuhiro; Urabe, Atsushi; Suzuki, Kôji; Sato, Yoshiki

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.07.004

Cited by 98 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The 2011 tsunami deposit is up to 40 cm thick and extends up to 4.5 km inland on the Sendai Plain of Miyagi Prefecture Takashimizu et al 2012). Takashimizu et al (2012) and Goto et al (2014b) examined the relation between the thickness of the tsunami deposit and flow depth based on spatial variations in the thickness of the 2011 tsunami deposit.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Takashimizu et al (2012) and Goto et al (2014b) examined the relation between the thickness of the tsunami deposit and flow depth based on spatial variations in the thickness of the 2011 tsunami deposit. The results show that the sediment thickness increased concomitantly with increasing flow depth, and that the thickness reached its peak value when the flow depth was 4-5 m. For flow depths greater than 5 m, almost no deposition occurred; instead, the erosion of surface sediments outweighed the deposition from the tsunami.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). In addition, the main morphological elements from marsh through beach ridge to the open Pacific Ocean are similar in both the coastal areas of Shizuoka Prefecture Kitamura et al 2013aKitamura et al , b, 2015aKitamura and Kobayashi 2014a, b;Kitamura and Kawate 2015) and the Tohoku area (e.g., Goto et al 2011;Abe et al 2012;Takashimizu et al 2012;Koiwa et al 2014;Ishimura and Miyauchi 2015). Therefore, the sedimentary characteristics and spatial distributions of the tsunami deposits formed by the Tohoku-oki tsunami are used as a reference for determining the deposits that would be generated by a Level 2 tsunami in the coastal area of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The earthquake generated a mega-tsunami with a runup height of 10-40 m in coastal areas of Iwate, Miyagi, and northern Fukushima prefectures and resulted in~20,000 deaths. The tsunami eroded sand from beaches and dunes, and deposited sediments inland (e.g., Goto et al 2011;Richmond et al 2012;Szczuciński et al 2012;Takashimizu et al 2012). A historical document known as Sandai-jitsuroku records a similar mega-tsunami, called the Jogan tsunami, which occurred in AD 869.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examination of the largest-possible tsunamis (Level 2) generated along the Nankai and Suruga troughs during the past 4000 years based on studies of tsunami deposits from the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami

Kitamura

2016

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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Japanese historical documents reveal that Mw 8 class earthquakes have occurred every 100-150 years along the Suruga and Nankai troughs since the 684 Hakuho earthquake. These earthquakes have commonly caused large tsunamis with wave heights of up to 10 m in the Japanese coastal area along the Suruga and Nankai troughs. From the perspective of tsunami disaster management, these tsunamis are designated as Level 1 tsunamis and are the basis for the design of coastal protection facilities. A Mw 9.0 earthquake (the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake) and a mega-tsunami with wave heights of 10-40 m struck the Pacific coast of the northeastern Japanese mainland on 11 March 2011, and far exceeded pre-disaster predictions of wave height. Based on the lessons learned from the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, the Japanese Government predicted the tsunami heights of the largest-possible tsunami (termed a Level 2 tsunami) that could be generated in the Suruga and Nankai troughs. The difference in wave heights between Level 1 and Level 2 tsunamis exceeds 20 m in some areas, including the southern Izu Peninsula. This study reviews the distribution of prehistorical tsunami deposits and tsunami boulders during the past 4000 years, based on previous studies in the coastal area of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The results show that a tsunami deposit dated at 3400-3300 cal BP can be traced between the Shimizu, Shizuoka and Rokken-gawa lowlands, whereas no geologic evidence related to the corresponding tsunami (the Rokken-gawa-Oya tsunami) was found on the southern Izu Peninsula. Thus, the Rokken-gawa-Oya tsunami is not classified as a Level 2 tsunami.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Examination of the largest-possible tsunamis (Level 2) generated along the Nankai and Suruga troughs during the past 4000 years based on studies of tsunami deposits from the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami

Kitamura

2016

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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“…The spatial distribution of the tsunami deposit thickness after the Tohoku-oki earthquake shows that a 10-cm deposit correspond to a 2.5-3 m tsunami (Takashimizu et al, 2012). Partially, the lack of backflow, which has an erosive effect on the deposited sand (Furusato and Tanaka, 2014), contributes to the thickening of our deposit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Tsunami deposits in Martinique related to the 1755 Lisbon earthquake

Clouard¹,

Roger²,

Moizan³

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. In order to assess tsunami hazard in oceanic islands, one needs to enlarge the observational time window by finding more evidence of past events. To that end, evidence of allochthonous deposits provides estimates of tsunami inundation, recurrence time and magnitude. However, in tropical islands, erosion due to the highly rainy climate generally prevents deposits to stay in place and when they are, relating them to a tsunami is not straightforward, as they can result either from a strong hurricane or from a tsunami. One notable exception concerns deposits sealed by subsequent events. In this paper, we present 5 evidence of an anomalously thick two-layer tsunami deposit in an excavation in Martinique. Analysis of the archaeological remains indicate that it is related to the 1755 Lisbon tsunami. We explain the thickness of the deposit by a tsunami-induced bore in the mangrove drainage channels of Fort-de-France. Our results highlight the benefits of collaborative research involving geology and archaeology, indicate a way to improve our tsunami databases and further constrain the use of numerical modelling to predict paleo-tsunami deposit thickness.

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Inverse Tsunami Flow Modeling Including Nonequilibrium Sediment Transport, With Application to Deposits From the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Tsunami

Naruse

Abe

2017

JGR Earth Surface

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Tsunami deposits provide important clues to understand ancient tsunami events. Several inverse models have been proposed to estimate the magnitude of paleotsunamis from their deposits. However, existing models consider neither nonuniform transport of suspended sediment nor turbulent mixing, which are essential factors governing sedimentation from suspension in tsunami flows. Here we propose a new inverse model of tsunami deposit emplacement, considering both transport of nonuniform suspended load and entrainment of basal sediments. This inversion model requires the spatial distribution of deposit thickness and the pattern of grain size distributions of the tsunami deposit along a 1‐D shoreline‐normal transect as input data. It produces as output run‐up flow velocity, inundation depth, and concentration of suspended sediment. To solve for advection of nonuniform suspended load, a transformed coordinate system is adopted, which increases computational efficiency. Tests of model inversions using artificial data successfully allow reconstruction of the original input values, suggesting the effectiveness of our optimization method. We apply our new inversion model to the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki tsunami deposit on Sendai Plain, Japan. The thickness and grain size distribution of the tsunami deposit was measured along a 4 km long transect normal to the coastline. The result of our inversion fits well with the observations from aerial videos and field surveys. We conclude that this method is suitable for the analysis of ancient tsunami deposits and that it has the advantage of requiring relatively little information about the condition of the emplacing paleotsunami for reconstruction.

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Deposition by the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami on coastal lowland controlled by beach ridges near Sendai, Japan

Cited by 98 publications

References 31 publications

Examination of the largest-possible tsunamis (Level 2) generated along the Nankai and Suruga troughs during the past 4000 years based on studies of tsunami deposits from the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami

Examination of the largest-possible tsunamis (Level 2) generated along the Nankai and Suruga troughs during the past 4000 years based on studies of tsunami deposits from the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami

Tsunami deposits in Martinique related to the 1755 Lisbon earthquake

Inverse Tsunami Flow Modeling Including Nonequilibrium Sediment Transport, With Application to Deposits From the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Tsunami

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