“…Typically, the C 1s spectrum can be divided into several kinds of peaks with different binding energies for the NC-950 catalyst (Figure ). The different types of carbon in the catalyst are listed as follows: C β (283.0 eV), C–C, C–H, and CC (284.6 eV), C–O (286.2 eV), CN (287.1 eV), CO (288.2 eV), C–N (288.9 eV), shake-up carbon (290.1 eV), respectively. , The nitrogen content of the synthesized materials determined by XPS is shown in Table . The atomic percentage of nitrogen decreased from 30.4 to 19.5 to 11.9 atom % for NC-650, NC-800, and NC-950, respectively.…”