Deposition of hole-transport materials in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells by doctor-blading

Ding, I‐Kang; Melas-Kyriazi, John; Cevey-Ha, Ngoc-Lê; Chittibabu, Kethinni G.; Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.; Grätzel, Michaël; McGehee, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2010.04.019

Cited by 92 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We identify increasing the PFF as one promising approach that is complementary to a number of others, including developing high-extinctioncoeffi cient and broad-absorbing dyes [ 7 , 8 ] and/or light absorbing hole transport materials, [ 33 ] using energy relay concepts to broaden absorption spectra, [41][42][43] using plasmonic effects to increase light absorption, [ 44 , 45 ] and designing new dyes, HTMs, and co-adsorbents that reduce recombination rates. [ 46 , 47 ] We believe that the development of new HTMs and deposition techniques that can achieve near-unity pore fi lling in TiO 2 [ 14] will play a crucial role in optimizing future ss-DSCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High frequency noise was further removed using a Savitzky-Golay smoothing technique. Devices for transient absorption measurements were fabricated according to standard procedure [ 14 ] but without a metal electrode, and were sealed in a nitrogen chamber before characterization to avoid dye degradation in air. Each data point in Figure 3 b represents one device, with the error bars representing the calculated instrument error.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 14 ] However, it is instructive to consider the extent of the effi ciency improvement if the PFF could be increased to 100% regardless of the TiO 2 fi lm thickness. The effi ciency improvement can be predicted quantitatively by calculating how the V oc and J sc are affected by the change in device thickness and recombination lifetime.…”

Section: Future Device Performance With Enhanced Pore Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Hole Transport Material Pore Filling on Photovoltaic Performance in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Melas-Kyriazi

Ding

Marchioro

et al. 2011

Advanced Energy Materials

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132

104

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A detailed investigation of the effect of hole transport material (HTM) pore filling on the photovoltaic performance of solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (ss‐DSCs) and the specific mechanisms involved is reported. It is demonstrated that the efficiency and photovoltaic characteristics of ss‐DSCs improve with the pore filling fraction (PFF) of the HTM, 2,2’,7,7’‐tetrakis‐(N, N ‐di‐ p ‐methoxyphenylamine)9,9’‐spirobifluorene(spiro‐OMeTAD). The mechanisms through which the improvement of photovoltaic characteristics takes place were studied with transient absorption spectroscopy and transient photovoltage/photocurrent measurements. It is shown that as the spiro‐OMeTAD PFF is increased from 26% to 65%, there is a higher hole injection efficiency from dye cations to spiro‐OMeTAD because more dye molecules are covered with spiro‐OMeTAD, an order‐of‐magnitude slower recombination rate because holes can diffuse further away from the dye/HTM interface, and a 50% higher ambipolar diffusion coefficient due to an improved percolation network. Device simulations predict that if 100% PFF could be achieved for thicker devices, the efficiency of ss‐DSCs using a conventional ruthenium‐dye would increase by 25% beyond its current value.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Device Performance With Enhanced Pore Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Hole Transport Material Pore Filling on Photovoltaic Performance in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Melas-Kyriazi

Ding

Marchioro

et al. 2011

Advanced Energy Materials

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132

104

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“…Nanocomposites were thereafter physico-chemically characterized and applied in lightharvesting experiments. In light-harvesting experiments; nanocomposites/ethanol mixture was treated in an ultrasonic water bath prior to deposition onto ITO coated glass using a doctor blade method, 36 a gel state electrolyte reported elsewhere 37 was used as the redox material, the counter electrode was aluminium (with a film thickness of 0.608 KÅ) coated on ordinary glass. Eosin B was the sensitizing dye.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiwalled carbon nanotube-titania nanocomposites: Understanding nano-structural parameters and functionality in dye-sensitized solar cells

Mombeshora¹,

Simoyi²,

Nyamori³

et al. 2015

S.Afr.j.chem

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Nanocomposites consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and titania were synthesized by two methods, namely, sol-gel and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods. The work takes advantage of the bridging ability of nanotechnology between macromolecules and the solid state process in engineering alternative nanomaterials for various applications including solar cell fabrication. Physical and chemical characterization of the mesoporous nanocomposites from the two synthetic methods were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, surface characterization and X-ray diffraction analysis. Physicochemical properties in the nanocomposites such as thermal stability, pore volume, crystallinity and surface area were observed to be a subject of MWCNT: titania ratios and synthetic methods. From the CVD synthetic method, observed attributes include more uniform and smoother coating; better crystallinity and larger pore width than sol-gel method. On the other hand, nanocomposites from sol-gel synthetic method had larger surface areas, were more defective and less thermally stable than those from CVD. Nanocomposites by the CVD method performed 39.2 % more efficient than those from sol-gel in light-harvesting experiments. The study shows that the nanocomposites synthesized were more effective than titania alone when the cheaper natural dye, Eosin B, was used. This highlights the great potential of typical nanomaterials in improving the performances of titania in DSSCs as well as lowering the cost of the ultimate devices.

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“…By this way and with spiro-OMeTAD the filling fraction is as high as 60-70% for films with thickness <3 μm; however, as the film thickness increases, the filling fraction goes down, which may be the cause of poor efficiency of these devices [43,44]. Moreover, the coating method could influence the pore filling: Doctor blade coating is more adapted for the higher thickness [45]. Melhem et al [46] demonstrated also different filling fraction depending on crystalline morphology of TiO 2 .…”

Section: -P5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in small molecular, non-polymeric organic hole transporting materials for solid-state DSSC

Bui

Goubard

2013

EPJ Photovolt.

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Issue from thin-film technologies, dye-sensitized solar cells have become one of the most promising technologies in the field of renewable energies. Their success is not only due to their low weight, the possibility of making large flexible surfaces, but also to their photovoltaic efficiency which are found to be more and more significant (>12% with a liquid electrolyte, >7% with a solid organic hole conductor). This short review highlights recent advances in the characteristics and use of low-molecular-weight glassforming organic materials as hole transporters in all solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. These materials must feature specific physical and chemical properties that will ensure both the operation of a photovoltaic cell and the easy implementation. This review is an english extended version based on our recent article published in Matériaux & Techniques 101, 102 (2013). Construction and performance of dye-sensitized solar cellThe energy-scenario analysis in 2050 plans an increase until 300% of the world energy consumption. Such a need cannot be exclusively satisfied by the fossil fuels, humanity has to turn to renewable energies and notably towards the potentiality of solar energy. Photovoltaics is a promising renewable energy technology that converts sunlight to electricity, with broad potential to contribute significantly to solving the future energy problem that humanity faces. Historically, in 1954, Bell Labs created the first siliconbased solar cells with 6% efficiency [1]. To date, inorganic semiconductor solar cells dominate commercial markets, with crystalline Si having an 80% share; the remaining 20% is mostly thin film solar technology, such as CdTe and CuInGaSe [2]. However, the use of this conventional silicon involves a non-negligible production cost, in particular because of the silicon purification process to reach the solar-grade silicon. This cost strikingly reduces the competitiveness of these silicon cells compared with the traditional sources of energy for the ground applications.Since the last two decades, low-cost solutions have emerged mainly using thin-film solar photovoltaic technologies. Among them, a new type of cell, known as dyesensitized solar cells (DSSC) [3], has been studied to develop low-cost photovoltaic devices. In this type of cell, a e-mail: thanh-tuan.bui@u-cergy.fr b e-mail: fabrice.goubard@u-cergy.fr a light-harvesting material, generally a molecular dye absorbs photons and is photoexcited. The photogenerated electrons and holes from the dye are quickly separated and transferred into two different transporting media (metallic oxide and electrolyte) reducing strongly the electron-hole recombination in the absorber material. Moreover, the device is based on the superposition of active layers whose thicknesses are ten to twenty-folds inferior to that of crystalline silicon wafers. In addition, the requested purity of materials is 10 to 100 times less than for a silicon device.The DSSC is composed of a photo-anode and a photoinert counter electrode (ca...

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Deposition of hole-transport materials in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells by doctor-blading

Cited by 92 publications

References 30 publications

The Effect of Hole Transport Material Pore Filling on Photovoltaic Performance in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

The Effect of Hole Transport Material Pore Filling on Photovoltaic Performance in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Multiwalled carbon nanotube-titania nanocomposites: Understanding nano-structural parameters and functionality in dye-sensitized solar cells

Recent advances in small molecular, non-polymeric organic hole transporting materials for solid-state DSSC

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