Depressed Maternal Lymphocyte Response to Phytohæmagglutinin in Human Pregnancy

Purtilo, DavidT.; Hallgren, HelenM.; Yunis, E. J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90522-3

Cited by 309 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…DISCUSSION Lichtenstein (1942) observed the depression of PPD skin test during the third trimester of pregnancy. Depression of immune reactivity during late pregnancy has also been reported by Kasakura (1972), Leikin (1972) •oe -•oe , 2.5 mg protein/ml; ƒ--ƒ-, 1.0 mg protein/ml; •¢-•¢, 0.5 mg protein/ml Purtilo et al (1972) and Saito et al (1975). These authors indicated that a serum factor is responsible for the suppression of the immune capacity of pregnant mothers.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…A number of reports have indicated that the maternal immunologic capacity is depressed during pregnancy (Lichtenstein 1942; Andresen and Monroe 1962; Purtilo et al 1972) and the immunologic suppression observed in the pregnant mother seems to be mainly due to the effect of the serum components rather than the depression of the lymphocyte function (Kasakura 1972;Leikin 1972;Hill et al 1973). It is very interesting to see what kind of substances in the pregnancy sera are responsible for the immune suppression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunosuppressive factors in pregnancy serum: A preliminary report.

Okamura

Kuramoto

Hamazaki

et al. 1980

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive factors in pregnancy serum: A preliminary report.

Okamura

Kuramoto

Hamazaki

et al. 1980

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Physiological levels of estradiol are immunostimulatory, whereas high levels such as occur during pregnancy are immunosuppressive (24)(25)(26). In contrast, testosterone at all concentrations is immunosuppressive, and males have a less vigorous cellular and humoral immune response than females (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptor signaling protects against immune suppression by UV radiation exposure

Widyarini

Domanski

Painter

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The phytoestrogenic isoflavonoid equol is known to protect against solar-simulated UV radiation-induced inflammation, immunosuppression, and skin carcinogenesis. The mechanism may involve antioxidant actions, because equol not only is a radical scavenger but also enhances the induction of a relevant cutaneous antioxidant, metallothionein. However, this study in female hairless mice examined whether the estrogenicity of the isoflavonoid might be responsible. Protection by topically applied equol against photoimmune suppression was found to be strongly and dosedependently inhibited by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780. Furthermore, ICI 182,780 alone was found to significantly exacerbate immunosuppression resulting from solar-simulated UV radiation irradiation, suggesting a natural role for the ER in photoimmune protection. In support of this role, topical application of the physiological ligand 17-␤-estradiol also provided dosedependent photoimmune protection, inhibitable by ICI 182,780, that was attributed largely to the inactivation of the downstream actions of cis-urocanic acid, an important endogenous immunosuppressive photoproduct. Thus, a hitherto unrecognized function of the ER as a normal photoprotective immune regulator in the skin was revealed. The relationship between equol and cutaneous metallothionein suggests an association of the ER with this inducible antioxidant in constraining the photoimmune-suppressed state and therefore in the prevention of the facilitation of photocarcinogenesis by this immunological defect. This role for the ER may underlie important gender-specific differences in UV-responsiveness that would reflect different needs for environmental photoprotection in males and females.cis-urocanic acid ͉ equol ͉ hairless mouse ͉ ICI 182,780 ͉ steroid hormone R ecent studies in mice with topically applied isoflavonoids derived from the red clover, Trifolium pratense, have shown that these phytochemicals may protect effectively against UV radiation-induced skin damage. Particular interest has centered on equol ([S]-4Ј7-dihydroxyisoflavane), an isoflavonoid metabolite produced from the dietary isoflavone daidzein by the gut microflora in mammals. Equol has been found to protect mice not only against UV radiation-induced cutaneous inflammation, observed as the sunburn reaction, but also against photoimmune suppression, which is evident as a defective contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reaction (1). Consistent with this observation, it was found that topical application to humans of an equol-related synthetic isoflavonoid, NV-07␣, also protected against the UV radiation-induced suppression of the elicited Mantoux reaction (2). In mice it was shown that the immunoprotective mechanism of topically applied equol involved inactivation of the downstream actions of cis-urocanic acid, a major UV-induced immunosuppressive photoproduct produced in the skin (1). Because chronic photoimmune suppression is a prerequisite for the promotion of UV radiation-initiated tumors (3), and because topica...

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“…Variations in the immunological responses by man Purtillo, Hallgren & Yunis (1972) have noted that during pregnancy there is a depression of lymphocyte transformation by plant mitogens while St Hill, Finn & Denye (1973) have shown that the depression of phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation during pregnancy is dependent on a serum factor. Barnes et al (1974) have found depression of lymphocyte transformation as a result of taking contraceptive pills.…”

Section: Findings In Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age–sex distribution of various diseases with particular reference to toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy

Beverley

Fleck

Kwantes³

et al. 1976

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYAn account is given of some human diseases which affect one sex more than the other.An age–sex relationship has been noted among British patients with acquired toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. This is compared with the findings of other European workers.A possible explanation is offered taking all these diseases into consideration together with some of the experimental work done in animals and some of the variations in immunological responses by man.

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Depressed Maternal Lymphocyte Response to Phytohæmagglutinin in Human Pregnancy

Cited by 309 publications

References 28 publications

Immunosuppressive factors in pregnancy serum: A preliminary report.

Immunosuppressive factors in pregnancy serum: A preliminary report.

Estrogen receptor signaling protects against immune suppression by UV radiation exposure

Age–sex distribution of various diseases with particular reference to toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy

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