Depression and Anxiety in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Biochemical Associates

Ambreen, Afshaan; Sheikh, Attia; Faryad, Numeera; Batool, Saima; Ahmed, Farhat Ul Ain

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1384

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Research has shown that the prevalence of depression in women with PCOS is higher (28-64%) as compared to the general population (8%) [5][6][7]. The same is also true when we compare the prevalence of anxiety in PCOS patients (34-57%) to the general population (8%) [7][8][9]. These mental conditions adversely affect the quality of life of these patients and it is due to these psychosocial manifestations that women with PCOS are at an increased risk of social phobia and suicide attempts [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital of Islamabad, Pakistan

Rizwan Khan,

Abdullah,

Gul

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background Depression and anxiety are common psychological conditions associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). It is important to understand the role of various demographic and socio-economic factors that contribute to the development of these psychological conditions. Objectives The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in women with PCOS and to find the association of various demographic and socio-economic factors with anxiety and depression. Methods This was a single-center cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan, from May 2021 to August 2022. All female patients, aged 18 to 40 years and diagnosed with PCOS, who presented to the department of Gynecology during the study period were eligible to be enrolled in the study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) was used to determine the level of anxiety and depression in the participants. HADS comprises 14 items scored on a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3. Seven items correspond to depression and anxiety each. The scores range from 0 to 21 for both domains. A score of 7 or less was considered normal, 8-10 as borderline, and 11 or above as abnormal for both anxiety and depression. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results A total of 74 patients with PCOS were included in the study. The mean age of all the participants was 26.8 ± 5.2 and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.7 ± 5.4. The presence of PCOS-related symptoms was observed in all 74 cases. Menstrual cycle abnormalities were the most common symptom, which was present in 57 (77.0%) cases, followed by weight gain, which was present in 50 (67.6%) cases, and hirsutism, which was present in 41 (55.4%) cases. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were present only in three (4.1%) and two (2.7%) cases, respectively, and positive family history of depression and/or anxiety was reported by 20 (27%) cases. The mean HAD score was 7 ± 3.8 for depression and 8 ± 3.7 for anxiety. Depression was diagnosed in 13 (17.6%) cases, and anxiety was diagnosed in 15 (20.3%) cases. Depression was found to be significantly associated with BMI (p = 0.015), level of education (p = 0.033), and monthly household income (p = 0.004). Anxiety was found to be associated with employment status (p = 0.009) and current pregnancy (p = 0.007). Rest of the factors such as age, marital status, ethnicity, menstrual irregularities, comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and a family history of PCOS, anxiety, or depression did not show statistically significant association with either anxiety or depression (p < 0.05). Conclusion Anxiety and depression are common in patients with PCOS. These psychological conditions are associated with various demographic and socio-economic factors such as BMI, level of education, monthly household income, employment status, and ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…A sample size of 74 patients was calculated using OpenEpi online sample size calculator ( www.OpenEpi.com ) with 95% confidence level and 8% margin of error. Estimated prevalence of depression in PCOS patients of 15% was used for calculation based on the study by Batool et al [ 8 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital of Islamabad, Pakistan

Rizwan Khan,

Abdullah,

Gul

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…The presented meta-analysis was based on 4002 patients with PCOS obtained from 19 studies that met the inclusion criteria and originated from different countries (4 UK, 3 Turkey, 2 India, 2 Iran, 2 Pakistan, and 1each from Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland and the USA). The result of the I2 test for the majority of the analyses performed showed 0.15 0.16 0.17 [7,16,20,35,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In contrast, other studies showed a relationship between high serum androgen level and depression [34]. It was also proved that women with hirsutism and acne [29] as well as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes were more prone to depression [29,35]. Although the exact etiology of the link between PCOS symptoms and depression is still a matter of debate, a recent article attempted to synthesize the etiological factors mentioned above in connection with those relating to neurotransmitters [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dybciak,

Raczkiewicz,

Humeniuk

et al. 2023

JCM

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. Some of the serious complications of PCOS are mental disorders including depression. Therefore, the aim of the meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence, mean level, standardized mean difference and probability of depression based on the research conducted with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A systematic literature search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google for research published until January 2023. The meta-analysis was conducted on a group of 4002 patients obtained from 19 studies, which met the inclusion criteria (adult pre-menopausal women diagnosed with PCOS, papers on the prevalence of depression or the HADS scoring). According to the research performed, the mean prevalence of depression was 31% (I2 = 93%; p < 0.001), whereas the mean HADS depression score in patients with PCOS was 6.31 (I2 = 93%; p < 0.001). The standardized difference of mean depression scores was SMD = 0.421 (95% confidence interval = 0.17–0.68, I2 = 67%). The overall probability of depression in PCOS patients was more than 2.5-fold higher than in healthy women ((RR: 2.58), confidence interval [1.38–4.85]; I2 = 90%, p < 0.001). The research results imply an increased risk of depressive symptoms in women with PCOS.

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Depression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Barry

2019

Psychological Aspects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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Depression and Anxiety in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Biochemical Associates

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital of Islamabad, Pakistan

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital of Islamabad, Pakistan

Depression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Depression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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