Depression and Obesity: Analysis of Common Biomarkers

Milano, Walter; Paola, Ambrosio; Carizzone, Francesca; Biasio, Valeria De; Munzio, Walter Di; Foia, Maria Gabriella; Capasso, Anna

doi:10.3390/diseases8020023

Cited by 68 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…Obesity often presents together with depression and negative self-image in both children and adults, creating a vicious cycle where the conditions potentiate each other ( 3 , 6 ). Those who suffer from depression are 58% more likely to develop obesity, and those who are obese are 55% more likely to develop chronic depression ( 7 ). Obesity makes it less likely for students to stay in school past the 12 th grade, independently of their parent’s socioeconomic status ( 8 ).…”

Section: Obesity Is a Serious Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action

Mohajer

Checkcinco

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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Adult and childhood obesity have reached pandemic level proportions. The idea that caloric excess and insufficient levels of physical activity leads to obesity is a commonly accepted answer for unwanted weight gain. This paradigm offers an inconclusive explanation as the world continually moves towards an unhealthier and heavier existence irrespective of energy balance. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that resemble natural hormones and disrupt endocrine function by interfering with the body’s endogenous hormones. A subset of EDCs called obesogens have been found to cause metabolic disruptions such as increased fat storage, in vivo. Obesogens act on the metabolic system through multiple avenues and have been found to affect the homeostasis of a variety of systems such as the gut microbiome and adipose tissue functioning. Obesogenic compounds have been shown to cause metabolic disturbances later in life that can even pass into multiple future generations, post exposure. The rising rates of obesity and related metabolic disease are demanding increasing attention on chemical screening efforts and worldwide preventative strategies to keep the public and future generations safe. This review addresses the most current findings on known obesogens and their effects on the metabolic system, the mechanisms of action through which they act upon, and the screening efforts through which they were identified with. The interplay between obesogens, brown adipose tissue, and the gut microbiome are major topics that will be covered.

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Section: Obesity Is a Serious Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action

Mohajer

Checkcinco

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…However, the high co-occurrence rate of DDs and MDs suggests a possible pathophysiological overlap. Although the precise mechanisms remain unknown, it has been proposed that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, immune alterations, inflammation, oxidative stress (OxS), autonomic nervous system dysregulation, IR, brown (thermogenic) adipose tissue (BAT), or microbiome alterations may play a role [1,5,7,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. Future studies aimed at creating new potential prophylactic or therapeutic methods should therefore attempt to determine etiopathological overlaps between the above syndromes, and possibly identify a subpopulation of patients sensitive to microbiota interventions.…”

Section: Metabolic and Depressive Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? The Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap

Gawlik-Kotelnicka

Strzelecki

2021

Life

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Some of the most common and debilitating conditions are metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and depression. These conditions are also exacerbated by the fact that they often co-occur. Although the exact mechanisms underlying such relationships are poorly known, antipsychotic medication and antidepressant use, diet and physical activity, and lifestyle factors are believed to play a role; however, their high co-occurrence rate suggests a possible pathophysiological overlap. This paper reviews several possible bases for this overlap, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, immune alterations with chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. While it is entirely possible that changes in the microbiota may play a role in each of them, interventions based on the implementation of dietary and other lifestyle changes, supplementation with prebiotics or probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation have failed to achieve conclusive results. A better characterization of the above associations may allow a more targeted approach to the treatment of both depressive and metabolic disorders. The paper also presents several practical applications for future studies.

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“…These findings are of note because there is a significant mechanistic and clinical overlap between obesity and depression. These disorders may share genetic vulnerabilities [33,34]; several endocrine and inflammatory biomarkers are common to both conditions [35], and depression and obesity are highly comorbid [36]. Recent research has highlighted the possible shared origins of obesity and mood disorders, arising from an evolutionary mismatch between past and modern living environments leading to endocrine and immune-inflammatory dysregulation [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-National Variations in COVID-19 Mortality: The Role of Diet, Obesity and Depression

Rajkumar

2021

Diseases

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by wide variations in mortality across nations. Some of this variability may be explained by medical comorbidities such as obesity and depression, both of which are strongly correlated with dietary practices such as levels of sugar and seafood consumption. Methods: COVID-19 mortality indices for 156 countries were obtained from the Johns Hopkins University’s data aggregator. Correlations between these variables and (a) per capita consumption of sugar and seafood, and (b) country-wise prevalence of depression and obesity were examined. Results: Sugar consumption (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and prevalence of obesity (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and depression (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with crude mortality rates, while seafood consumption was negatively correlated with the infection fatality rate (r = −0.28, p = 0.015). These effects were significant even after correcting for potential confounders. The associations with depression and obesity remained significant upon multivariate regression. Conclusions: Both obesity and depression, which are associated with inflammatory dysregulation, may be related to cross-national variations in COVID-19 mortality, while seafood consumption may be protective. These findings have implications in terms of protecting vulnerable individuals during the current pandemic.

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Depression and Obesity: Analysis of Common Biomarkers

Cited by 68 publications

References 143 publications

Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action

Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action

Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? The Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap

Cross-National Variations in COVID-19 Mortality: The Role of Diet, Obesity and Depression

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