Depression During Pregnancy: Review of Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in Developed and Developing Countries

Pereira, Paulo; Lovisi, Giovanni Marcos; Lima, Luiz Costa; Legay, Letícia Fortes; Santos, Jacqueline Fernandes de Cintra; Santos, Shirleny Fontes; Thiengo, Daianna Lima; Valencia, Eliecer

doi:10.5772/25741

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Importantly, they concluded that women with higher socioeconomic status were approximately five times less likely to develop prenatal depression and six times less likely to develop postpartum depression. This is in line with the finding regarding higher prevalence rates in developing countries relative to developed countries (Norhayati et al, 2015;Pereira et al, 2011).…”

Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 92%

Perinatal Depression in the Spanish Context: Consensus Report from the General Council of Psychology of Spain

Rodríguez-Muñoz,

Motrico,

Miguez

et al. 2023

Clínica Y Salud

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Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 92%

Perinatal Depression in the Spanish Context: Consensus Report from the General Council of Psychology of Spain

Rodríguez-Muñoz,

Motrico,

Miguez

et al. 2023

Clínica Y Salud

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“…Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Valladolid, Spain. 2 International School of Doctorate Studies, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain. 3 Department of Personality Psychology, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain.…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perinatal depression (PD), which includes major and minor depressive episodes that occur during pregnancy and/or in the first 12 months after delivery, is one of the most common conditions that can develop during pregnancy and the postpartum period [1]. The prevalence of PD in developing countries is approximately 20%; in developed countries, it is in the range of 10%-15% [2]. Untreated PD can have devastating effects on women, infants, and their families [3][4][5], so much so that NICE guidelines in the UK recommend screening for PD in primary care (PC) settings [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mindfulness and compassion-based program applied to pregnant women and their partners to decrease depression symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Sacristan-Martin

Germán

Campayo

et al. 2019

Trials

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Background: Pregnancy and the postpartum period are times of great change for women and their partners, often bringing substantial challenges and stress. Approximately 10%-20% of women suffer from mood disorders such as depression in the perinatal period. There are risks involved in using psychopharmacological interventions to treat perinatal depression. Mindfulness and compassion-based educational programs could be efficacious and costeffective options for the prevention and treatment of perinatal mood disorders. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of an adapted Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) program that includes compassion training for pregnant women in primary care (PC) settings in the Spanish National Health System to decrease perinatal depression. Methods: A multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted. Participants will be pregnant women (n = 122) and their partners who wish to participate. They will be enrolled and assessed in PC settings and randomly assigned to either: (1) an adapted MBCP educational program tailored to the Spanish National Health System + treatment as usual (TAU); or (2) TAU only. The main outcome to be assessed will be depression, evaluated with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Secondary outcomes will include self-reported measures of perceived stress, affects, mindfulness, self-compassion, maternal self-efficacy, and use of health and social services. Patients will be assessed at four timepoints: baseline; post-treatment; and at three and six months after childbirth. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be carried out using linear regression mixed models. Effect sizes will be estimated using Cohen's d.

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“…This could be related to the fact that poverty, illiteracy and gender inequalities, among others, are commoner in the rural areas of developing countries. Such life adversities have been known to be associated with depression [43]. In addition, the urban respondents could benefit from relatively better socioeconomic opportunities and access to better healthcare.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Antenatal Depression and Its Comparison Among ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Antenatal Depressive Disorders in Urban and Rural Pregnant Women in Nigeria

Babandi,

Habib,

Usman

et al. 2023

INDJ

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Background: The prevalence of antenatal depression (AND) is consistently higher in urban areas in developed counties while the reverse is the case in developing counties developing countries. This highlights that socioeconomic gaps and health disparities between different settings could have important implications on perinatal mental health. Nigeria, the most populous nation in Africa, is home to multiple ethnic and cultural groups and about half of the population is rural. But then a majority of Nigerian studies on and were conducted in the urban and semi-urban southern regions. Few, if any, such studies were ever conducted in the urban or rural settings of northern Nigeria. The study aimed to determine and compare the prevalence and factors associated with AND among pregnant women in urban and rural northern Nigeria settings. A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among antenatal clinic attendees of an urban and a rural health facility in Kano State, northern Nigeria. Data were collected from pregnant mothers. A socio-demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire was used to obtain the relevant data. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the major depression module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-7) were used to screen, rate and diagnose depression among the respondents respectively. Results: The urban pregnant women were older (28.3±5.7 versus 26.0±5.6 years, p=0.001), better educated (12.8±2.8 versus 8.9±4.3 years of schooling, p<0.001), earning higher average monthly income (36.0 USD vs 13.0 USD, p<0.001), in the second trimester of the pregnancy (22% versus 9.7%, p=0.004). While the rural women were more likely to have planned to get pregnant (84.1% versus 69.3%, p=0.003) and used psychoactive substances while pregnant (20.7% versus 8.7%, p=0.003). The prevalence of AND was significantly higher among the rural respondents as compared to the urban respondents (33.1% versus 14.7% p<0.001). Anaemia in pregnancy (AIP), a history of a background medical problem (BMP) was significantly associated with AND in the urban setting (p= 0.032 and p= 0.001 respectively). While in the rural setting, AIP and a history of BMP were significantly associated with AND (p=0.0063 and p=0.008 respectively). Furthermore, among the multigravid urban and rural respondents, previous pregnancy complication was found to be significantly associated with AND (p=0.030). Among the urban women, the predictor for AND was a history of BMP (OR=5.049, 95%CI=1.451-17.570). The significant predictors for AND in the rural setting were AIP (OR=3.337, 95%CI=1.468-7.798) and history of BMP (OR=3.298, 95%CI=1.267-8.885). Conclusion: Rural prevalence of AND was significantly much higher than the urban rate. Certain factors, such as BMP and AIP, were associated with AND in both urban and rural settings.

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Depression During Pregnancy: Review of Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in Developed and Developing Countries

Cited by 8 publications

References 103 publications

Perinatal Depression in the Spanish Context: Consensus Report from the General Council of Psychology of Spain

Perinatal Depression in the Spanish Context: Consensus Report from the General Council of Psychology of Spain

A mindfulness and compassion-based program applied to pregnant women and their partners to decrease depression symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

A Comparison of Antenatal Depressive Disorders in Urban and Rural Pregnant Women in Nigeria

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