Depression in glass transition temperature of multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced polycarbonate composites: effect of functionalization

Babal, Arun Singh; Gupta, Ravi Kant; Singh, Bhanu Pratap; Dhakate, Sanjay R.

doi:10.1039/c5ra05825b

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Indeed, in the case of PC, tan δ is found to be independent on temperature, its mean value being 0.023 ± 0.004. The latter is in good agreement with the value of about 0.025, measured using DMA in the same range of temperature, recently reported in literature [45]. Conversely, tan δ measured on LDPE definitely increases with temperature from 0.1 at room temperature to about 0.2 at T = 70°C.…”

Section: Validation On Reference Materialssupporting

confidence: 80%

Contact resonance atomic force microscopy for viscoelastic characterization of polymer-based nanocomposites at variable temperature

Natali

Passeri

Reggente

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Characterization of mechanical properties at the nanometer scale at variable temperature is one of the main challenges in the development of polymer-based nanocomposites for application in high temperature environments. Contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) is a powerful technique to characterize viscoelastic properties of materials at the nanoscale. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of CR-AFM of characterizing viscoelastic properties (i.e., storage and loss moduli, as well as loss tangent) of polymer-based nanocomposites at variable temperature. CR-AFM is first illustrated on two polymeric reference samples, i.e., low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polycarbonate (PC). Then, temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties (in terms of loss tangent) of a nanocomposite sample constituted by a epoxy resin reinforced with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are investigated.

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Section: Validation On Reference Materialssupporting

confidence: 80%

Contact resonance atomic force microscopy for viscoelastic characterization of polymer-based nanocomposites at variable temperature

Natali

Passeri

Reggente

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…All other optimized parameters related to hybrid composite fabrication were elaborated somewhere else 28,39 . Polycarbonate granules were pre-dried at 100°C for 24 hours to remove the moisture trap.…”

Section: Preparation Of Cf/polycarbonate Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The storage modulus, loss modulus and tanδ were calculated by utilizing formulae 39,40 : The single cantilever clamp was used on the vibrational frequency of 1 Hz in order to test the composite specimens in the temperature range of 40 to 180°C comprising scanning rate of 2°C/min.…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (Dmta)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect on static and dynamic mechanical properties of carbon fiber-multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrid polycarbonate composites

et al. 2016

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Carbon fiber (CF), CF and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced hybrid micronanocomposites were prepared through melt mixing followed by injection molding. The synergistic effect on both static and dynamic mechanical properties with MWCNT/aMWCNT and CF reinforcement in polycarbonate matrix is investigated by utilizing dynamic mechanical analysis, flexural and tensile measurements. The enhancement in flexural modulus and strength of composite specimens reinforced with maximum loading of CF and CF-functionalized MWCNT is 128.40%, 142.94% and 42.60% and 39.90%, respectively, as compared to pure PC. Similarly, storage modulus of composite specimens reinforced with maximum loading of CF and CF-functionalized MWCNT shows increment of 203.33% and 176.57%, respectively over pure PC at 40 o C. Various type of parameter such as coefficient "C" factor, degree of entanglement and adhesion factor have been calculated to analyze the interaction between fillers and polymer matrix. Composite specimens containing 2 wt.% of functionalized MWCNTs demonstrates the lower C value than as synthesized MWCNT, indicative of higher effectiveness of functionalized MWCNT containing composite specimens. These results were well supported by optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy by confirming the distribution of reinforcements and its interaction to PC, respectively. hybrid nanocomposites, which is shown in Figure 2 (c) and (d), respectively. All of this is also evident from the actually failed composite samples shown in Figure 2 (e) and (f). The point of fracture for samples moves toward the edge of the neck along with CF concentration that supports the deduction of improvement in the brittleness of composite materials with respect to CF amount. The role of fillers can be identified by comparing stress values of various composite materials. As seen from Figure 2 (c) and (d), strain values (above and below the yielding point) show higher stress values for composite materials with increased filler loading, below their elongation at break. The hybrid micro-nanocomposites shows both higher stress and strain values. This type of evaluation is necessary for applications requiring to identify a composite material with higher stiffness and not undergo the yielding beyond a specified level along with maintaining its higher strength properties 41 .Figure 2: Tensile stress-strain curve of (a) CF/PC composites, (b) Zoom on stress-strain curve, (c) Hybrid micro-nanocomposites (CF/CNT/PC), (d) Zoom on a stress-strain curve (e) and (f) Fracture behavior of actually failed composite specimens.

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“…Polycarbonate (PC) is a widely used applied engineering thermoplastic 1,2 because it possesses several distinct properties such as transparency, dimensional stability, 3,4 ame retardance, high heat distortion temperature, high mechanical strength over a wide range of temperature scale 5,6 and high dart impact strength. [7][8][9][10][11] Applications of PC in blends with other polymers are frequently impeded by a high processing temperature, at which other components may undergo thermal degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excellent impact strength of ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer toughened polycarbonate

Bagotia

Singh²,

Choudhary

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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aThe intrinsic notch sensitivity of polycarbonate (PC) demands improvement in the notched impact strength for a variety of applications. Blends of PC/ethylene-methyl acrylate (EMA) copolymer of different compositions were prepared by melt blending using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The notched izod impact strength of PC/EMA blends showed a positive blending effect and increased 381% with incorporation of a very little amount of EMA (5%) with a marginal decrease in the tensile strength of PC.Tensile data was also analyzed by using predictive theories. Incorporation of EMA decreases the glass transition temperature of PC and facilitates its processing. Scanning electron micrographs of cryogenically fractured samples after etching were used to study the phase structure. A two phase morphology was seen with a fine dispersion of rubber granules in the PC matrix. On the other hand, the impact fractured surface of PC/EMA blends indicated debonding of EMA particles, leaving hemispherical bumps, indicating inadequate interfacial adhesion between PC and EMA.

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Depression in glass transition temperature of multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced polycarbonate composites: effect of functionalization

Cited by 47 publications

References 58 publications

Contact resonance atomic force microscopy for viscoelastic characterization of polymer-based nanocomposites at variable temperature

Contact resonance atomic force microscopy for viscoelastic characterization of polymer-based nanocomposites at variable temperature

Synergistic effect on static and dynamic mechanical properties of carbon fiber-multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrid polycarbonate composites

Excellent impact strength of ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer toughened polycarbonate

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