Depression of the Tuberculin Reaction by Viral Vaccines

Brody, Jacob A.; Overfield, Theresa; Hammes, Laurel M.

doi:10.1056/nejm196412172712505

Cited by 79 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[51][52][53][54][55][56][57] However, the short-lived immunosuppression caused by certain vaccines does not result in an increased risk of infections with other pathogens soon after vaccination. Vaccinated children are not at greater risk of subsequent infections with other pathogens than unvaccinated children.…”

Section: Do Vaccines "Weaken" the Immune System? Do Vaccines Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Parents’ Concerns: Do Multiple Vaccines Overwhelm or Weaken the Infant’s Immune System?

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Recent surveys found that an increasing number of parents are concerned that infants receive too many vaccines. Implicit in this concern is that the infant's immune system is inadequately developed to handle vaccines safely or that multiple vaccines may overwhelm the immune system. In this review, we will examine the following: 1) the ontogeny of the active immune response and the ability of neonates and young infants to respond to vaccines; 2) the theoretic capacity of an infant's immune system; 3) data that demonstrate that mild or moderate illness does not interfere with an infant's ability to generate protective immune responses to vaccines; 4) how infants respond to vaccines given in combination compared with the same vaccines given separately; 5) data showing that vaccinated children are not more likely to develop infections with other pathogens than unvaccinated children; and 6) the fact that infants actually encounter fewer antigens in vaccines today than they did 40 or 100 years ago. Pediatrics 2002;109:124 -129; multiple vaccines, immunity, parental concerns.

show abstract

Section: Do Vaccines "Weaken" the Immune System? Do Vaccines Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Parents’ Concerns: Do Multiple Vaccines Overwhelm or Weaken the Infant’s Immune System?

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The classic observation in this field was made in 1907 by von Pirquet, who described a decreased reactivity to the tuberculin skin test as a result of infection with measles virus; it has since been repeatedly confirmed and studied in great detail (1). Moreover, depression of tuberculin sensitivity in man also occurs after infection with varicella, influenza, and rubella virus, as well as after vaccination with measles, polio, yellow fever, and mumps virus (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Similar effects have been reported in animals; for example, using skin allograft survival as a measure of cell-mediated immunity, Howard et al showed that graft survival times were significantly prolonged in mice infected with lactic dehydrogenase virus shortly before or after grafting, and there are many other examples of immunodepression in animals after virus infection (9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition by interferon of delayed-type hypersensitivity in the mouse.

Maeyer¹,

Maeyer‐Guignard²,

Vandeputte³

1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of interferon on delayed-type hypersensitivity to picryl chloride and sheep erythrocytes was examined in the mouse. When administered to sensitized animals on the day .before or the day of challenge, tissue culture interferon inhibited both the ear swelling induced by picryl chloride and footpad swelling induced by sheep erythrocytes. Newcastle disease virus, when injected into sensitized If-11 or If-14 congenic mice a few hours before challenge, caused an inhibition of delayedtype hypersensitivity which could be related to the amount of serum interferon induced by the virus. These results indicate that interferon production may represent one of the factors responsible for the depression of cell-mediated immune reactions during virus infection.The temporary decrease of cell-mediated immune reactions during virus infection is a well-known phenomenon, the mechanism of which has remained largely unexplained. The classic observation in this field was made in 1907 by von Pirquet, who described a decreased reactivity to the tuberculin skin test as a result of infection with measles virus; it has since been repeatedly confirmed and studied in great detail (1). Moreover, depression of tuberculin sensitivity in man also occurs after infection with varicella, influenza, and rubella virus, as well as after vaccination with measles, polio, yellow fever, and mumps virus (2-8). Similar effects have been reported in animals; for example, using skin allograft survival as a measure of cell-mediated immunity, Howard et al. showed that graft survival times were significantly prolonged in mice infected with lactic dehydrogenase virus shortly before or after grafting, and there are many other examples of immunodepression in animals after virus infection (9-11). One common denominator of all virus infections being the production of interferon, we have examined the possibility that interferon is capable of decreasing cell-mediated immune reactions in vivo. There were some good reasons for considering the role of interferon: the prolongation of skin allograft survival described in mice after administration of phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A, two lectins that are also interferon inducers, and the fact that interferon has been shown to inhibit the proliferative phase of the one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction, which is considered by many to be an in vitro correlate of allograft rejection (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). As a first model of cellmediated immunity, we have studied skin graft rejection in mice across an H-2 barrier, and a small but significant prolongation of graft survival after treatment of recipient mice with either interferon inducers or interferon preparations was observed (18,19). The effect of interferon preparations was independently confirmed by Hirsch et al. (20). In the present study, the effect of interferon on delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice was examined, using two different approaches:(1) interferon induction with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in high-and low-interferon-producing congenic ...

show abstract

“…Among arbovi ruses, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leads to enhanced antibody response to hu man y-globulin [11] while Junin virus sup presses the response to SRBC and human ■/-globulin [25], As regards the effect on CMI, yellow fever virus has been shown to suppress the delayed-type skin reactivity [3], The mechanism by which these viruses bring about immunosuppression is not clear. It has been proposed that viral antigens might compete with another antigen in the production of antibody thereby suppressing the response to the latter antigen [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Experimental Dengue Virus Infection on Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response to Thymus-Dependent Antigen

Nagarkatti¹,

Nagarkatti²,

Rao³

1980

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mice injected with dengue vims showed a depressed primary and secondary humoral immune response to SRBC as measured by the number of antibody-forming cells, haemagglutinin and haemolysin titres. The time of administration of SRBC during the infection was found to be an important factor determining the response to SRBC. The cell-mediated immune response was also suppressed as measured by the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to SRBC in the footpad. While the immunosuppression of humoral immunity was only transient and the animals recovered within 30 days following infection, the cell-mediated immunity remained suppressed throughout this period. Immunofluorescent studies and LD₅₀ determination of the infected brains demonstrated significant virus titres from 7 to 15 days postinfection. This period coincided with maximal immunosuppression.

show abstract

Depression of the Tuberculin Reaction by Viral Vaccines

Cited by 79 publications

References 7 publications

Addressing Parents’ Concerns: Do Multiple Vaccines Overwhelm or Weaken the Infant’s Immune System?

Addressing Parents’ Concerns: Do Multiple Vaccines Overwhelm or Weaken the Infant’s Immune System?

Inhibition by interferon of delayed-type hypersensitivity in the mouse.

Effect of Experimental Dengue Virus Infection on Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response to Thymus-Dependent Antigen

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About